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This paper develops a strategic model of trade between two regions in which, depending on the relation among output, financial resources and transportation costs, the adjustment of prices towards an equilibrium is studied. We derive…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2008-05-21 Iordan V. Iordanov , Stoyan V. Stoyanov , Andrey A. Vassilev

Price impact of a trade is an important element in pre-trade and post-trade analyses. We introduce a framework to analyze the market price of liquidity risk, which allows us to derive an inhomogeneous Bernoulli ordinary differential…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2019-12-11 Masaaki Kijima , Christopher Ting

After years of speculation, price discrimination in e-commerce driven by the personal information that users leave (involuntarily) online, has started attracting the attention of privacy researchers, regulators, and the press. In our…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2013-07-18 Jakub Mikians , László Gyarmati , Vijay Erramilli , Nikolaos Laoutaris

We consider a dynamic pricing problem where customer response to the current price is impacted by the customer price expectation, aka reference price. We study a simple and novel reference price mechanism where reference price is the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Shipra Agrawal , Wei Tang

Personalized pricing is a business strategy to charge different prices to individual consumers based on their characteristics and behaviors. It has become common practice in many industries nowadays due to the availability of a growing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Renzhe Xu , Xingxuan Zhang , Peng Cui , Bo Li , Zheyan Shen , Jiazheng Xu

We empirically investigate fluctuations in product prices in online markets by using a tick-by-tick price data collected from a Japanese price comparison site, and find some similarities and differences between product and asset prices. The…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-05-13 Takayuki Mizuno , Tsutomu Watanabe

Many online marketplaces personalize prices based on consumer attributes. Since these prices are private, consumers may be unaware that they have spent more on a good than the lowest possible price, and cannot easily take action to pay…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Aditya Karan , Naina Balepur , Hari Sundaram

We explore heterogeneous prices as a source of heterogeneous or stochastic demand. Heterogeneous prices could arise either because there is actual price variation among consumers or because consumers (mis)perceive prices differently. Our…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-05-26 John K. -H. Quah , Gerelt Tserenjigmid

Pricing decisions are often made when market information is still poor. In turn, existing theoretical models often reason about the response of optimal prices to changing market characteristics without exploiting all available information…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-07-19 Stefanos Leonardos , Costis Melolidakis , Constandina Koki

Price gap, defined as the logarithmic price difference between the first two occupied price levels on the same side of a limit order book (LOB), is a key determinant of market depth, which is one of the dimensions of liquidity. However, the…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2018-02-27 Gao-Feng Gu , Xiong Xiong , Yong-Jie Zhang , Wei Chen , Wei Zhang , Wei-Xing Zhou

The robust multi-product pricing problem is to determine the prices of a collection of products so as to maximize the worst-case revenue, where the worst case is taken over an uncertainty set of demand models that the firm expects could be…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-17 Xinyi Guan , Velibor V. Mišić

Using high-quality data, we report several statistical regularities of equity auctions in the Paris stock exchange. First, the average order book density is linear around the auction price at the time of auction clearing and has a large…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-09-19 Mohammed Salek , Damien Challet , Ioane Muni Toke

Background: Transitions towards healthier, more environmentally sustainable diets would require large shifts in consumption patterns. Cost and affordability can be barriers to consuming healthy, sustainable diets. Objective: This study…

This paper studies the widespread price dispersion of homogeneous products across different online platforms, even when consumers can easily access price information from comparison websites. We collect data for the 200 most popular hotels…

General Economics · Economics 2023-10-20 Debashrita Mohapatra , Debi Prasad Mohapatra , Ram Sewak Dubey

The paper explores a consumer search setting where the sellers have asymmetries. The model is an extension of the popular Stahl Model, which is widely used in the literature. The extension introduces sellers with heterogeneous stores…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Sergey Kuniavsky

We compare the profit of the optimal third-degree price discrimination policy against a uniform pricing policy. A uniform pricing policy offers the same price to all segments of the market. Our main result establishes that for a broad class…

General Economics · Economics 2021-11-16 Dirk Bergemann , Francisco Castro , Gabriel Weintraub

Platforms design the form of presentation by which sellers are shown to the buyers. This design not only shapes the buyers' experience but also leads to different market equilibria or dynamics. One component in this design is through the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Ophir Friedler , Hu Fu , Anna Karlin , Ariana Tang

We propose a model for price formation in financial markets based on clearing of a standard call auction with random orders, and verify its validity for prediction of the daily closing price distribution statistically. The model considers…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2019-12-02 M. Derksen , B. Kleijn , R. de Vilder

In this study, we introduce a physical model inspired by statistical physics for predicting price volatility and expected returns by leveraging Level 3 order book data. By drawing parallels between orders in the limit order book and…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-06-26 Haochen Li , Yi Cao , Maria Polukarov , Carmine Ventre

Repeated multi-unit auctions, where a seller allocates multiple identical items over many rounds, are common mechanisms in electricity markets and treasury auctions. We compare the two predominant formats: uniform-price and discriminatory…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Marius Potfer , Vianney Perchet