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This contribution presents properties of the second quantized not only fermion fields but also boson fields, if the second quantization of both kinds of fields origins in the description of the internal space of fields with the ''basis…

General Physics · Physics 2021-12-09 Norma Susana Mankoc Borstnik

The Clifford odd and even "basis vectors", describing the internal spaces of fermion and boson fields, respectively, offer in even-dimensional spaces, like in $d=(13+1)$, the description of quarks and leptons and antiquarks and antileptons…

General Physics · Physics 2025-02-10 Norma Susana Mankoč Borštnik

In a long series of works the author has demonstrated that the model named the {\it spin-charge-family} theory offers the explanation for all in the {\it standard model} assumed properties of the fermion and boson fields, as well as for…

General Physics · Physics 2022-10-14 Norma Susana Mankoč Borštnik

In a long series of works, it has been demonstrated, that the {\it spin-charge-family} theory offers the explanation for all in the {\it standard model} assumed properties of the second quantized fermion and boson fields, offering several…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-01-12 Norma Susana Mankoč Borštnik

In the review article in Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics (vol.121(2021) 103890)) the authors present the achievements so far of the spin-charge-family theory, which offers the explanation for all the so far observed properties of…

General Physics · Physics 2022-10-13 Norma Susana Mankoc Borstnik

The description of the internal spaces of fermion and boson fields with "basis vectors", which are the superposition of odd and even products of the operators $\gamma^a$, offers in $d=2(2n+1)$-dimensions, such as $d=(13+1)$, a unified…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-05 N. S. Mankoč Borštnik

The article studies the extension of the internal spaces of fermion and boson second quantized fields, described by the superposition of odd (for fermions) and even (for bosons) products of the operators $\gamma^ {a}$, to strings and odd…

General Physics · Physics 2025-03-14 Norma Susana Mankoc Borstnik , Holger Bech Nielsen

Although the internal spaces describing spins and charges of fermions' and bosons' second-quantised fields have such different properties, yet we can all describe them equivalently with the ``basis vectors'' which are a superposition of odd…

General Physics · Physics 2025-12-22 N. S. Mankoč Borštnik , H. B. Nielsen

The article proposes the description of internal spaces of fermion (quarks and leptons and antiquarks and antileptons) and boson (photons, weak bosons, gluons, gravitons and scalars) second quantized fields in a unique way if they all are…

General Physics · Physics 2025-02-26 N. S. Mankoč Borštnik

Both algebras, Clifford and Grassmann, offer "basis vectors" for describing the internal degrees of freedom of fermions. The oddness of the "basis vectors", transferred to the creation operators, which are tensor products of the finite…

General Physics · Physics 2020-12-16 N. S. Mankoc Borstnik , H. B. F. Nielsen

It is shown that the generators of Clifford algebras behave as creation and annihilation operators for fermions and bosons. They can create extended objects, such as strings and branes, and can induce curved metric of our spacetime. At a…

General Physics · Physics 2017-07-19 Matej Pavšič

We present in Part II the description of the internal degrees of freedom of fermions by the superposition of odd products of the Clifford algebra elements, either $\gamma^a$'s or $\tilde{\gamma}^a$'s, which determine with their oddness the…

General Physics · Physics 2020-12-16 N. S. Mankoc Borstnik , H. B. F. Nielsen

The internal degrees of freedom of fermions are in the spin-charge-family theory described by the Clifford algebra objects, which are superposition of an odd number of $\gamma^a$'s. Arranged into irreducible representations of…

General Physics · Physics 2020-04-02 D. Lukman , M. Komendyak , N. S. Mankoc Borstnik

Fifty years ago the standard model offered an elegant new step towards understanding elementary fermion and boson fields, making several assumptions, suggested by experiments. The assumptions are still waiting for an explanation. There are…

General Physics · Physics 2021-11-29 Norma Susana Mankoc Borstnik , Holger Bech Nielsen

We study briefly some properties of real Clifford algebras and identify them as matrix algebras. We then show that the representation space on which Clifford algebras act are spinors and we study in details matrix representations. The…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Rausch de Traubenberg

We further explore the idea that physics takes place in Clifford space which should be considered as a generalization of spacetime. Following the old observation that spinors can be represented as members of left ideals of Clifford algebra,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Matej Pavsic

Quantum fields are considered as generators of infinite-dimensional Clifford algebra $Cl(\infty)$, which can be either orthogonal (in case of fermions) or symplectic (in case of bosons). A generic quantum state can be expressed as a…

General Physics · Physics 2022-08-31 Matej Pavšič

Fermions with the internal degrees of freedom described in Clifford space carry in any dimension a half integer spin. There are two kinds of spins in Clifford space. The spin-charge-family theory,assuming even d=13+1, uses one kind of spins…

General Physics · Physics 2019-09-04 N. S. Mankoc Borstnik , H. B. F. Nielsen

The necessary appearance of Clifford algebras in the quantum description of fermions has prompted us to re-examine the fundamental role played by the quaternion Clifford algebra, C(0,2). This algebra is essentially the geometric algebra…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2012-03-06 Ernst Binz , Maurice A. de Gosson , Basil J. Hiley

This talk discusses the achievements of the {\it spin-charge-family} theory. The project started in the year 1993 when trying to understand the internal spaces of fermions and bosons with the Grassmann algebra. Recognizing that the…

General Physics · Physics 2023-12-27 N. S. Mankoč Borštnik
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