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Data imputation, the process of filling in missing feature elements for incomplete data sets, plays a crucial role in data-driven learning. A fundamental belief is that data imputation is helpful for learning performance, and it follows…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Ruikai Yang , Fan He , Mingzhen He , Kaijie Wang , Xiaolin Huang

Real-world time series data often exhibits substantial missing values, posing challenges for advanced analysis. A common approach to addressing this issue is imputation, where the primary challenge lies in determining the appropriate values…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Ying Liu , Peng Cui , Wenbo Hu , Richang Hong

K-Nearest Neighbours (k-NN) is a popular classification and regression algorithm, yet one of its main limitations is the difficulty in choosing the number of neighbours. We present a Bayesian algorithm to compute the posterior probability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-05 Giuseppe Nuti

Missingness is a common issue for neuroimaging data, and neglecting it in downstream statistical analysis can introduce bias and lead to misguided inferential conclusions. It is therefore crucial to conduct appropriate statistical methods…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-25 Tong Lu , Chixiang Chen , Hsin-Hsiung Huang , Peter Kochunov , Elliot Hong , Shuo Chen

Missing data imputation forms the first critical step of many data analysis pipelines. The challenge is greatest for mixed data sets, including real, Boolean, and ordinal data, where standard techniques for imputation fail basic sanity…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-17 Yuxuan Zhao , Madeleine Udell

Multivariate density estimation is a popular technique in statistics with wide applications including regression models allowing for heteroskedasticity in conditional variances. The estimation problems become more challenging when…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-08-15 Zhen Li , Lili Wu , Weilian Zhou , Sujit Ghosh

The problem of accurate nonparametric estimation of distributional functionals (integral functionals of one or more probability distributions) has received recent interest due to their wide applicability in signal processing, information…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-07-12 Kevin R. Moon , Kumar Sricharan , Alfred O. Hero

The K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm is widely used for classification and regression; however, it suffers from limitations, including the equal treatment of all samples. We propose Information-Modified KNN (IM-KNN), a novel approach…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Mohammad Ali Vahedifar , Azim Akhtarshenas , Mohammad Mohammadi Rafatpanah , Maryam Sabbaghian

In order to overcome the problem of item nonresponse, random imputation methods are often used because they tend to preserve the distribution of the imputed variable. Among the random imputation methods, the random hot-deck has the…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-02-09 Caren Hasler , Yves Tillé

Missing values pose a persistent challenge in modern data science. Consequently, there is an ever-growing number of publications introducing new imputation methods in various fields. While many studies compare imputation approaches, they…

Computation · Statistics 2025-11-10 Krystyna Grzesiak , Christophe Muller , Julie Josse , Jeffrey Näf

With the rise of the Internet of Things, strategies for effectively processing big data are essential for discovering meaningul insights. The time series datasets produced by groups of interconnected devices contain valuable underlying…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-04 Turner Richmond , Namita Lokare , Qian Ge , Edgar Lobaton

Imputation of random or non-random missing data is a long-standing research topic and a crucial application for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). However, with the advent of modern communication technologies such as Global Satellite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Yihang Lu , Mahwish Yousaf , Xianwei Meng , Enhong Chen

We introduce \emph{topological density estimation} (TDE), in which the multimodal structure of a probability density function is topologically inferred and subsequently used to perform bandwidth selection for kernel density estimation. We…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-10 Steve Huntsman

This work studies distributed (probability) density estimation of large-scale systems. Such problems are motivated by many density-based distributed control tasks in which the real-time density of the swarm is used as feedback information,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-03 Tongjia Zheng , Hai Lin

A probability density function (pdf) encodes the entire stochastic knowledge about data distribution, where data may represent stochastic observations in robotics, transition state pairs in reinforcement learning or any other empirically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-18 Dmitry Kopitkov , Vadim Indelman

This paper tackles the problem of missing data imputation for noisy and non-Gaussian data. A classical imputation method, the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm for Gaussian mixture models, has shown interesting properties when…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-23 Florian Mouret , Alexandre Hippert-Ferrer , Frédéric Pascal , Jean-Yves Tourneret

The use of synthetic data has become increasingly popular as a privacy-preserving alternative to sharing real datasets, especially in sensitive domains such as healthcare, finance, and demography. However, the privacy assurances of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Rajdeep Pathak , Sayantee Jana

Density estimation is a central task in statistics and machine learning. This problem aims to determine the underlying probability density function that best aligns with an observed data set. Some of its applications include statistical…

Missing data is a common problem in real-world settings and particularly relevant in healthcare applications where researchers use Electronic Health Records (EHR) and results of observational studies to apply analytics methods. This issue…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-12-04 Dimitris Bertsimas , Agni Orfanoudaki , Colin Pawlowski

Measuring similarity between incomplete data is a fundamental challenge in web mining, recommendation systems, and user behavior analysis. Traditional approaches either discard incomplete data or perform imputation as a preprocessing step,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Yang Cao , Sikun Yang , Kai He , Wenjun Ma , Ming Liu , Yujiu Yang , Jian Weng