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Recent successes in image generation, model-based reinforcement learning, and text-to-image generation have demonstrated the empirical advantages of discrete latent representations, although the reasons behind their benefits remain unclear.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-27 David Friede , Christian Reimers , Heiner Stuckenschmidt , Mathias Niepert

Understanding the training dynamics of deep learning models is perhaps a necessary step toward demystifying the effectiveness of these models. In particular, how do data from different classes gradually become separable in their feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Jiayao Zhang , Hua Wang , Weijie J. Su

Stochastic differential equations (SDEs) are a staple of mathematical modelling of temporal dynamics. However, a fundamental limitation has been that such models have typically been relatively inflexible, which recent work introducing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Patrick Kidger , James Foster , Xuechen Li , Harald Oberhauser , Terry Lyons

We propose a method for learning dynamical systems from high-dimensional empirical data that combines variational autoencoders and (spatio-)temporal attention within a framework designed to enforce certain scientifically-motivated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Kai Lagemann , Christian Lagemann , Sach Mukherjee

Latent neural stochastic differential equations (SDEs) have recently emerged as a promising approach for learning generative models from stochastic time series data. However, they systematically underestimate the noise level inherent in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Linus Heck , Maximilian Gelbrecht , Michael T. Schaub , Niklas Boers

We develop an approach to learn an interpretable semi-parametric model of a latent continuous-time stochastic dynamical system, assuming noisy high-dimensional outputs sampled at uneven times. The dynamics are described by a nonlinear…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-13 Lea Duncker , Gergo Bohner , Julien Boussard , Maneesh Sahani

Clinical time series data from electronic health records and medical registries offer unprecedented opportunities to understand patient trajectories and inform medical decision-making. However, leveraging such data presents significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Muhammad Aslanimoghanloo , Ahmed ElGazzar , Marcel van Gerven

Learning from heterogeneous data poses challenges such as combining data from various sources and of different types. Meanwhile, heterogeneous data are often associated with missingness in real-world applications due to heterogeneity and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Yu Gong , Hossein Hajimirsadeghi , Jiawei He , Thibaut Durand , Greg Mori

Irregular sampling intervals and missing values in real-world time series data present challenges for conventional methods that assume consistent intervals and complete data. Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (Neural ODEs) offer an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 YongKyung Oh , Dong-Young Lim , Sungil Kim

We introduce variational spectral learning (VSL), a machine learning framework for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) that operates directly in the coefficient space of spectral expansions. VSL offers a principled bridge between…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-07 M. M. Hammad

Discovering the underlying relationships among variables from temporal observations has been a longstanding challenge in numerous scientific disciplines, including biology, finance, and climate science. The dynamics of such systems are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Benjie Wang , Joel Jennings , Wenbo Gong

Hierarchical Bayesian methods can unify many related tasks (e.g. k-shot classification, conditional and unconditional generation) as inference within a single generative model. However, when this generative model is expressed as a powerful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-25 Luke B. Hewitt , Maxwell I. Nye , Andreea Gane , Tommi Jaakkola , Joshua B. Tenenbaum

We propose a novel framework for discovering Stochastic Partial Differential Equations (SPDEs) from data. The proposed approach combines the concepts of stochastic calculus, variational Bayes theory, and sparse learning. We propose the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-29 Yogesh Chandrakant Mathpati , Tapas Tripura , Rajdip Nayek , Souvik Chakraborty

Recently there has been an increased interest in unsupervised learning of disentangled representations using the Variational Autoencoder (VAE) framework. Most of the existing work has focused largely on modifying the variational cost…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-12 Jan Stühmer , Richard E. Turner , Sebastian Nowozin

This paper proposes a novel low-rank approximation to the multivariate State-Space Model. The Stochastic Partial Differential Equation (SPDE) approach is applied component-wise to the independent-in-time Mat\'ern Gaussian innovation term in…

Neural Stochastic Differential Equations (Neural SDEs) provide a principled framework for modeling continuous-time stochastic processes and have been widely adopted in fields ranging from physics to finance. Recent advances suggest that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yuanjian Xu , Yuan Shuai , Jianing Hao , Guang Zhang

In this article, we introduce a system of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) consisting of time-dependent covariates and consider both fixed and random effects set-ups. We also allow the functional part associated with the drift…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-10-16 Trisha Maitra , Sourabh Bhattacharya

State-space models (SSMs) offer a powerful framework for dynamical system analysis, wherein the temporal dynamics of the system are assumed to be captured through the evolution of the latent states, which govern the values of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-17 Jiahe Lin , George Michailidis

We present a novel variational framework for performing inference in (neural) stochastic differential equations (SDEs) driven by Markov-approximate fractional Brownian motion (fBM). SDEs offer a versatile tool for modeling real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Rembert Daems , Manfred Opper , Guillaume Crevecoeur , Tolga Birdal

Measuring the similarity between data points often requires domain knowledge, which can in parts be compensated by relying on unsupervised methods such as latent-variable models, where similarity/distance is estimated in a more compact…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-08-13 Nutan Chen , Alexej Klushyn , Francesco Ferroni , Justin Bayer , Patrick van der Smagt