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We search for isotropic stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) in the International Pulsar Timing Array second data release. By modeling the SGWB as a power-law, we find very strong Bayesian evidence for a common-spectrum process,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-28 Zu-Cheng Chen , Yu-Mei Wu , Qing-Guo Huang

The International Pulsar Timing Array 2nd data release is the combination of datasets from worldwide collaborations. In this study, we search for continuous waves: gravitational wave signals produced by individual supermassive black hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-03-29 M. Falxa , S. Babak , P. T. Baker , B. Bécsy , A. Chalumeau , S. Chen , Z. Chen , N. J. Cornish , L. Guillemot , J. S. Hazboun , C. M. F. Mingarelli , A. Parthasarathy , A. Petiteau , N. S. Pol , A. Sesana , S. B. Spolaor , S. R. Taylor , G. Theureau , M. Vallisneri , S. J. Vigeland , C. A. Witt , X. Zhu , J. Antoniadis , Z. Arzoumanian , M. Bailes , N. D. R. Bhat , L. Blecha , A. Brazier , P. R. Brook , N. Caballero , A. D. Cameron , J. A. Casey-Clyde , D. Champion , M. Charisi , S. Chatterjee , I. Cognard , J. M. Cordes , F. Crawford , H. T. Cromartie , K. Crowter , S. Dai , M. E. DeCesar , P. B. Demorest , G. Desvignes , T. Dolch , B. Drachler , Y. Feng , E. C. Ferrara , W. Fiore , E. Fonseca , N. Garver-Daniels , J. Glaser , B. Goncharov , D. C. Good , J. Griessmeier , Y. J. Guo , K. Gültekin , G. Hobbs , H. Hu , K. Islo , J. Jang , R. J. Jennings , A. D. Johnson , M. L. Jones , J. Kaczmarek , A. R. Kaiser , D. L. Kaplan , M. Keith , L. Z. Kelley , M. Kerr , J. S. Key , N. Laal , M. T. Lam , W. G. Lamb , T. J. W. Lazio , K. Liu , T. Liu , J. Luo , R. S. Lynch , D. R. Madison , R. Main , R. Manchester , A. McEwen , J. McKee , M. A. McLaughlin , C. Ng , D. J. Nice , S. Ocker , K. D. Olum , S. Osłowski , T. T. Pennucci , B. B. P. Perera , D. Perrodin , N. Porayko , A. Possenti , H. Quelquejay-Leclere , S. M. Ransom , P. S. Ray , D. J. Reardon , C. J. Russell , A. Samajdar , J. Sarkissian , L. Schult , G. Shaifullah , R. M. Shannon , B. J. Shapiro-Albert , X. Siemens , J. J. Simon , M. Siwek , T. L. Smith , L. Speri , R. Spiewak , I. H. Stairs , B. Stappers , D. R. Stinebring , J. K. Swiggum , C. Tiburzi , J. Turner , A. Vecchio , J. P. W. Verbiest , H. Wahl , S. Q. Wang , J. Wang , J. Wang , Z. Wu , L. Zhang , S. Zhang

Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) have recently found strong evidence for low-frequency gravitational waves (GWs) in the nanohertz frequency regime. As GWs pass, they produce deviations in measured lengths and light-travel times. PTA experiments…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-05-05 Luke Zoltan Kelley

In an accompanying publication, the MeerKAT Pulsar Timing Array (MPTA) collaboration reports tentative evidence for the presence of a stochastic gravitational-wave background, following observations of similar signals from the European and…

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are designed to detect nanohertz-frequency gravitational waves (GWs). Since GWs are anticipated from cosmic strings, PTAs offer a viable approach to testing their existence. We present the results of the first…

Globally, Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) experiments have revealed evidence supporting an existing gravitational wave background (GWB) signal in the PTA data set. Apart from acquiring more observations, the sensitivity of PTA experiments can be…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-03 El Mehdi Zahraoui , Patricio Maturana-Russel , Willem van Straten , Renate Meyer , Sergei Gulyaev

The European Pulsar Timing Array (EPTA) and Indian Pulsar Timing Array (InPTA) collaborations have measured a low-frequency common signal in the combination of their second and first data releases respectively, with the correlation…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-17 J. Antoniadis , P. Arumugam , S. Arumugam , P. Auclair , S. Babak , M. Bagchi , A. -S. Bak Nielsen , E. Barausse , C. G. Bassa , A. Bathula , A. Berthereau , M. Bonetti , E. Bortolas , P. R. Brook , M. Burgay , R. N. Caballero , C. Caprini , A. Chalumeau , D. J. Champion , S. Chanlaridis , S. Chen , I. Cognard , M. Crisostomi , S. Dandapat , D. Deb , S. Desai , G. Desvignes , N. Dhanda-Batra , C. Dwivedi , M. Falxa , F. Fastidio , R. D. Ferdman , A. Franchini , J. R. Gair , B. Goncharov , A. Gopakumar , E. Graikou , J. -M. Grießmeier , A. Gualandris , L. Guillemot , Y. J. Guo , Y. Gupta , S. Hisano , H. Hu , F. Iraci , D. Izquierdo-Villalba , J. Jang , J. Jawor , G. H. Janssen , A. Jessner , B. C. Joshi , F. Kareem , R. Karuppusamy , E. F. Keane , M. J. Keith , D. Kharbanda , T. Khizriev , T. Kikunaga , N. Kolhe , M. Kramer , M. A. Krishnakumar , K. Lackeos , K. J. Lee , K. Liu , Y. Liu , A. G. Lyne , J. W. McKee , Y. Maan , R. A. Main , M. B. Mickaliger , H. Middleton , A. Neronov , I. C. Nitu , K. Nobleson , A. K. Paladi , A. Parthasarathy , B. B. P. Perera , D. Perrodin , A. Petiteau , N. K. Porayko , A. Possenti , T. Prabu , K. Postnov , H. Quelquejay Leclere , P. Rana , A. Roper Pol , A. Samajdar , S. A. Sanidas , D. Semikoz , A. Sesana , G. Shaifullah , J. Singha , C. Smarra , L. Speri , R. Spiewak , A. Srivastava , B. W. Stappers , D. A. Steer , M. Surnis , S. C. Susarla , A. Susobhanan , K. Takahashi , P. Tarafdar , G. Theureau , C. Tiburzi , R. J. Truant , E. van der Wateren , S. Valtolina , A. Vecchio , V. Venkatraman Krishnan , J. P. W. Verbiest , J. Wang , L. Wang , Z. Wu

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) use an array of millisecond pulsars to search for gravitational waves in the nanohertz regime in pulse time of arrival data. This paper presents rigorous tests of PTA methods, examining their consistency across…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-05-14 Aaron D. Johnson , Patrick M. Meyers , Paul T. Baker , Neil J. Cornish , Jeffrey S. Hazboun , Tyson B. Littenberg , Joseph D. Romano , Stephen R. Taylor , Michele Vallisneri , Sarah J. Vigeland , Ken D. Olum , Xavier Siemens , Justin A. Ellis , Rutger van Haasteren , Sophie Hourihane , Gabriella Agazie , Akash Anumarlapudi , Anne M. Archibald , Zaven Arzoumanian , Laura Blecha , Adam Brazier , Paul R. Brook , Sarah Burke-Spolaor , Bence Bécsy , J. Andrew Casey-Clyde , Maria Charisi , Shami Chatterjee , Katerina Chatziioannou , Tyler Cohen , James M. Cordes , Fronefield Crawford , H. Thankful Cromartie , Kathryn Crowter , Megan E. DeCesar , Paul B. Demorest , Timothy Dolch , Brendan Drachler , Elizabeth C. Ferrara , William Fiore , Emmanuel Fonseca , Gabriel E. Freedman , Nate Garver-Daniels , Peter A. Gentile , Joseph Glaser , Deborah C. Good , Kayhan Gültekin , Ross J. Jennings , Megan L. Jones , Andrew R. Kaiser , David L. Kaplan , Luke Zoltan Kelley , Matthew Kerr , Joey S. Key , Nima Laal , Michael T. Lam , William G. Lamb , T. Joseph W. Lazio , Natalia Lewandowska , Tingting Liu , Duncan R. Lorimer , Ryan S. Lynch , Chung-Pei Ma , Dustin R. Madison , Alexander McEwen , James W. McKee , Maura A. McLaughlin , Natasha McMann , Bradley W. Meyers , Chiara M. F. Mingarelli , Andrea Mitridate , Cherry Ng , David J. Nice , Stella Koch Ocker , Timothy T. Pennucci , Benetge B. P. Perera , Nihan S. Pol , Henri A. Radovan , Scott M. Ransom , Paul S. Ray , Shashwat C. Sardesai , Carl Schmiedekamp , Ann Schmiedekamp , Kai Schmitz , Brent J. Shapiro-Albert , Joseph Simon , Magdalena S. Siwek , Ingrid H. Stairs , Daniel R. Stinebring , Kevin Stovall , Abhimanyu Susobhanan , Joseph K. Swiggum , Jacob E. Turner , Caner Unal , Haley M. Wahl , Caitlin A. Witt , Olivia Young

The noise in millisecond pulsar (MSP) timing data can include contributions from observing instruments, the interstellar medium, the solar wind, solar system ephemeris errors, and the pulsars themselves. The noise environment must be…

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) provide a way to detect gravitational waves at nanohertz frequencies. In this band, the most likely signals are stochastic, with a power spectrum that rises steeply at lower frequencies. Indeed, the observation…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-02 Bruce Allen , Sanjeev Dhurandhar , Yashwant Gupta , Maura McLaughlin , Priyamvada Natarajan , Ryan M. Shannon , Eric Thrane , Alberto Vecchio

The recent announcement of evidence for a stochastic background of gravitational waves (GWB) in pulsar timing array (PTA) data has piqued interest across the scientific community. A combined analysis of all currently available data holds…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-01 Serena Valtolina , Rutger van Haasteren

Recent findings from several Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) collaborations point to the existence of a Gravitational Wave Background (GWB) at nanohertz frequencies. A key next step towards characterizing this signal and identifying its origin is…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-16 Thomas Konstandin , Anna-Malin Lemke , Andrea Mitridate , Enrico Perboni

Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) collaborations gather high-precision timing measurements of pulsars with the aim of detecting gravitational wave (GW) signals. A major challenge lies in the identification and characterization of the different…

Statistical anisotropy in the nanohertz-frequency gravitational-wave background (GWB) is expected to be detected by pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) in the near future. By developing a frequentist statistical framework that intrinsically…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-12-14 Nihan Pol , Stephen R. Taylor , Joseph D. Romano

Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) experiments have entered a new era with evidence for a nanoHertz gravitational wave background (GWB). This review describes the physics of detection, detailing the noise models and cross-correlation techniques…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-01 C. M. F. Mingarelli , J. A. Casey-Clyde , Y. T. Chang , E. Eisenberg , F. Hutchison , N. Khusid , B. Larsen , A. Moran , F. Semenzato , L. Willson , Q. Zheng

We present results from an all-sky search for continuous gravitational waves from individual supermassive binary black holes using the third data release (DR3) of the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array (PPTA). Even though we recover a…

Arrays of precisely-timed millisecond pulsars are used to search for gravitational waves with periods of months to decades. Gravitational waves affect the path of radio pulses propagating from a pulsar to Earth, causing the arrival times of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-13 Stephen R. Taylor

We search for an isotropic stochastic gravitational-wave background (GWB) in the $12.5$-year pulsar timing data set collected by the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves. Our analysis finds strong evidence of a…