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This paper discusses learning a structured feedback control to obtain sufficient robustness to exogenous inputs for linear dynamic systems with unknown state matrix. The structural constraint on the controller is necessary for many…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-23 Sayak Mukherjee , Thanh Long Vu

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has gained great success by learning directly from high-dimensional sensory inputs, yet is notorious for the lack of interpretability. Interpretability of the subtasks is critical in hierarchical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-03-01 Daoming Lyu , Fangkai Yang , Bo Liu , Steven Gustafson

Deep reinforcement learning (deep RL) is a combination of deep learning with reinforcement learning principles to create efficient methods that can learn by interacting with its environment. This led to breakthroughs in many complex tasks…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Thejan Rajapakshe , Rajib Rana , Siddique Latif , Sara Khalifa , Björn W. Schuller

Diffusion models surpass previous generative models in sample quality and training stability. Recent works have shown the advantages of diffusion models in improving reinforcement learning (RL) solutions. This survey aims to provide an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Zhengbang Zhu , Hanye Zhao , Haoran He , Yichao Zhong , Shenyu Zhang , Haoquan Guo , Tingting Chen , Weinan Zhang

The performance of a reinforcement learning (RL) system depends on the computational architecture used to approximate a value function. Deep learning methods provide both optimization techniques and architectures for approximating nonlinear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-21 John D. Martin , Joseph Modayil

At present, implementation of learning mechanisms in spiking neural networks (SNN) cannot be considered as a solved scientific problem despite plenty of SNN learning algorithms proposed. It is also true for SNN implementation of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Mikhail Kiselev

Integrating causal inference (CI) with reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm to address critical limitations in classical RL, including low explainability, lack of robustness and generalization failures. Traditional…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Cristiano da Costa Cunha , Wei Liu , Tim French , Ajmal Mian

Many real-world systems problems require reasoning about the long term consequences of actions taken to configure and manage the system. These problems with delayed and often sequentially aggregated reward, are often inherently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-06 Ameer Haj-Ali , Nesreen K. Ahmed , Ted Willke , Joseph Gonzalez , Krste Asanovic , Ion Stoica

In real-world applications with large state and action spaces, reinforcement learning (RL) typically employs function approximations to represent core components like the policies, value functions, and dynamics models. Although powerful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Chenxiao Gao , Haotian Sun , Na Li , Dale Schuurmans , Bo Dai

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful post-training paradigm for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, reinforcement learning for LLMs faces substantial data scarcity challenges,…

The diversity of tasks and dynamic nature of reinforcement learning (RL) require RL agents to be able to learn sequentially and continuously, a learning paradigm known as continuous reinforcement learning. This survey reviews how continual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Amara Zuffer , Michael Burke , Mehrtash Harandi

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has become a critical tool for optimization challenges within automation, leading to significant advancements in several areas. This review article examines the current landscape of RL within automation, with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Ahmad Farooq , Kamran Iqbal

In distributed optimization, the practical problem-solving performance is essentially sensitive to algorithm selection, parameter setting, problem type and data pattern. Thus, it is often laborious to acquire a highly efficient method for a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-04 Daokuan Zhu , Tianqi Xu , Jie Lu

This review addresses the problem of learning abstract representations of the measurement data in the context of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL). While the data are often ambiguous, high-dimensional, and complex to interpret, many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Nicolò Botteghi , Mannes Poel , Christoph Brune

Generative models have made significant progress in synthesizing visual content, including images, videos, and 3D/4D structures. However, they are typically trained with surrogate objectives such as likelihood or reconstruction loss, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yuanzhi Liang , Yijie Fang , Ke Hao , Rui Li , Ziqi Ni , Ruijie Su , Chi Zhang

Reinforcement learning (RL) combines a control problem with statistical estimation: The system dynamics are not known to the agent, but can be learned through experience. A recent line of research casts `RL as inference' and suggests a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Brendan O'Donoghue , Ian Osband , Catalin Ionescu

Network representation learning (NRL) is an effective graph analytics technique and promotes users to deeply understand the hidden characteristics of graph data. It has been successfully applied in many real-world tasks related to network…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Ke Sun , Lei Wang , Bo Xu , Wenhong Zhao , Shyh Wei Teng , Feng Xia

As a paradigm for sequential decision making in unknown environments, reinforcement learning (RL) has received a flurry of attention in recent years. However, the explosion of model complexity in emerging applications and the presence of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-22 Yuejie Chi , Yuxin Chen , Yuting Wei

Motor adaptation displays a structure-learning effect: adaptation to a new perturbation occurs more quickly when the subject has prior exposure to perturbations with related structure. Although this `learning-to-learn' effect is well…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-07-14 Ari Weinstein , Matthew M. Botvinick

While Reinforcement Learning (RL) achieves tremendous success in sequential decision-making problems of many domains, it still faces key challenges of data inefficiency and the lack of interpretability. Interestingly, many researchers have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Yan Zeng , Ruichu Cai , Fuchun Sun , Libo Huang , Zhifeng Hao