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To deal with distribution shifts in graph data, various graph out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization techniques have been recently proposed. These methods often employ a two-step strategy that first creates augmented environments and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Song Wang , Xiaodong Yang , Rashidul Islam , Huiyuan Chen , Minghua Xu , Jundong Li , Yiwei Cai

Distributional discrepancy between training and test data can lead models to make inaccurate predictions when encountering out-of-distribution (OOD) samples in real-world applications. Although existing graph OOD detection methods leverage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Yue Hou , He Zhu , Ruomei Liu , Yingke Su , Junran Wu , Ke Xu

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved impressive performance when testing and training graph data come from identical distribution. However, existing GNNs lack out-of-distribution generalization abilities so that their performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Haoyang Li , Xin Wang , Ziwei Zhang , Wenwu Zhu

Integrated communication and control serves as a critical ingredient in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning. However, partial observability limitations will impair collaboration effectiveness, and a potential solution is to establish…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Ziqiong Wang , Xiaoxue Yu , Rongpeng Li , Zhifeng Zhao

Recent studies have revealed that GNNs are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Most existing robust graph learning methods measure model robustness based on label information, rendering them infeasible when label information is not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Jihong Wang , Minnan Luo , Jundong Li , Ziqi Liu , Jun Zhou , Qinghua Zheng

Out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization in Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) has gained significant attention due to its critical importance in graph-based predictions in real-world scenarios. Existing methods primarily focus on extracting a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Bowen Liu , Haoyang Li , Shuning Wang , Shuo Nie , Shanghang Zhang

Existing methods for graph out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization primarily rely on empirical studies on synthetic datasets. Such approaches tend to overemphasize the causal relationships between invariant sub-graphs and labels, thereby…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Can Xu , Yao Cheng , Jianxiang Yu , Haosen Wang , Jingsong Lv , Yao Liu , Xiang Li

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are proven effective in extracting complex node and structural information from graph data. While current GNNs perform well in node classification tasks within in-distribution (ID) settings, real-world scenarios…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Tao Yin , Chen Zhao , Xiaoyan Liu , Minglai Shao

Despite recent success in using the invariance principle for out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization on Euclidean data (e.g., images), studies on graph data are still limited. Different from images, the complex nature of graphs poses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Yongqiang Chen , Yonggang Zhang , Yatao Bian , Han Yang , Kaili Ma , Binghui Xie , Tongliang Liu , Bo Han , James Cheng

Despite graph neural networks' (GNNs) great success in modelling graph-structured data, out-of-distribution (OOD) test instances still pose a great challenge for current GNNs. One of the most effective techniques to detect OOD nodes is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Danny Wang , Ruihong Qiu , Guangdong Bai , Zi Huang

Graph neural networks(GNNs) have been demonstrated to depend on whether the node effective information is sufficiently passing. Discrete curvature (Ricci curvature) is used to study graph connectivity and information propagation efficiency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Xingcheng Fu , Jian Wang , Yisen Gao , Qingyun Sun , Haonan Yuan , Jianxin Li , Xianxian Li

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) nodes in the graph-based machine-learning field is challenging, particularly when in-distribution (ID) node multi-category labels are unavailable. Thus, we focus on feature space rather than label space…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Shenzhi Yang , Junbo Zhao , Sharon Li , Shouqing Yang , Dingyu Yang , Xiaofang Zhang , Haobo Wang

In this work, we investigate the problem of out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization for unsupervised learning methods on graph data. This scenario is particularly challenging because graph neural networks (GNNs) have been shown to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Yun Zhu , Haizhou Shi , Zhenshuo Zhang , Siliang Tang

Dynamic Graphs widely exist in the real world, which carry complicated spatial and temporal feature patterns, challenging their representation learning. Dynamic Graph Neural Networks (DGNNs) have shown impressive predictive abilities by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Haonan Yuan , Qingyun Sun , Xingcheng Fu , Cheng Ji , Jianxin Li

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection in graphs is critical for ensuring model robustness in open-world and safety-sensitive applications. Existing graph OOD detection approaches typically train an in-distribution (ID) classifier on ID data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Haoyan Xu , Zhengtao Yao , Ziyi Wang , Zhan Cheng , Xiyang Hu , Mengyuan Li , Yue Zhao

Distribution shifts on graphs -- the discrepancies in data distribution between training and employing a graph machine learning model -- are ubiquitous and often unavoidable in real-world scenarios. These shifts may severely deteriorate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Kexin Zhang , Shuhan Liu , Song Wang , Weili Shi , Chen Chen , Pan Li , Sheng Li , Jundong Li , Kaize Ding

The Information Bottleneck (IB) principle has emerged as a promising approach for enhancing the generalization, robustness, and interpretability of deep neural networks, demonstrating efficacy across image segmentation, document clustering,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Hanzhe Yang , Youlong Wu , Dingzhu Wen , Yong Zhou , Yuanming Shi

The empirical studies of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) broadly take the original node feature and adjacency relationship as singleview input, ignoring the rich information of multiple graph views. To circumvent this issue, the multiview…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Xiaolong Fan , Maoguo Gong , Yue Wu , Mingyang Zhang , Hao Li , Xiangming Jiang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) learning deals with scenarios in which training and test data follow different distributions. Although general OOD problems have been intensively studied in machine learning, graph OOD is only an emerging area of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Shurui Gui , Xiner Li , Limei Wang , Shuiwang Ji

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved impressive performance in graph-related tasks. However, they suffer from poor generalization on out-of-distribution (OOD) data, as they tend to learn spurious correlations. Such correlations…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-26 Bowen Lu , Liangqiang Yang , Teng Li