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The Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM) predicts the density of topological defects produced in the dynamical processes of phase transitions in systems ranging from cosmology to condensed matter and quantum materials. The similarity between KZM…

The Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM) successfully predicts the density of topological defects deposited by the phase transitions, but it is not clear why. Its key conjecture is that, near the critical point of the second-order phase transition,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-01 Fumika Suzuki , Wojciech H. Zurek

The Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM) describes the non-equilibrium dynamics and topological defect formation in systems undergoing second-order phase transitions. KZM has found applications in fields such as cosmology and condensed matter…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-04-28 Fumika Suzuki , Wojciech H. Zurek

Kibble-Zurek mechanism is a theory of defect formation in a non-equilibrium continuous phase transition. So far the theory has been successfully tested by numerical simulations and condensed matter experiments in a number of systems with…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 Jacek Dziarmaga

In the field of non-equilibrium phase transitions, the Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM) is undoubtedly an important discovery, pointing out that some universal scaling rules are applied to a wide range of physical systems from quantum to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-16 Wen Wei , Shanhua Zhu , Yi Xie , Baoquan Ou , Wei Wu , Pingxing Chen

The proliferation of topological defects is a common out-of-equilibrium phenomenon when a system is driven into a phase of broken symmetry. The Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM) provides a theoretical framework for the critical dynamics and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-07-12 Zhijie Fan , Adolfo del Campo , Gia-Wei Chern

The Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM) captures the key physics in the non-equilibrium dynamics of second-order phase transitions, and accurately predict the density of the topological defects formed in this process. However, despite much effort,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-11 Xiao-Ye Xu , Yong-Jian Han , Kai Sun , Jin-Shi Xu , Jian-Shun Tang , Chuan-Feng Li , Guang-Can Guo

The Kibble-Zurek (KZ) mechanism renders a theoretical framework for elucidating the formation of topological defects across continuous phase transitions. Nevertheless, it is not immediately clear whether the KZ mechanism applies to…

The Kibble-Zurek mechanism describes the evolution of topological defect structures like domain walls, strings, and monopoles when a system is driven through a second order phase transition. The model is used on very different scales like…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-10-16 Sven Deutschländer , Patrick Dillmann , Georg Maret , Peter Keim

Topological defects shape the material and transport properties of physical systems. Examples range from vortex lines in quantum superfluids, defect-mediated buckling of graphene, and grain boundaries in ferromagnets and colloidal crystals,…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2018-03-23 Norbert Stoop , Jörn Dunkel

The formation of topological defects during continuous second-order phase transitions is well described by the Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM). However, when the spontaneously broken symmetry is only approximate, such transitions become smooth…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-06 Peng Yang , Chuan-Yin Xia , Sebastian Grieninger , Hua-Bi Zeng , Matteo Baggioli

Kibble-Zurek theory (KZ) stands out as the most robust theory of defect generation in the dynamics of phase transitions. KZ utilizes the structure of equilibrium states away from the transition point to estimate the excitations due to the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-07-28 Krishanu Roychowdhury , Roderich Moessner , Arnab Das

We demonstrate that the Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM) holds for open systems transitioning from a disordered phase to a discrete time crystal (DTC). Specifically, we observe the main signatures of the KZM when the system is quenched into a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-07-28 Roy D. Jara , Jayson G. Cosme

Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM) uses critical scaling to predict density of topological defects and other excitations created in second order phase transitions. We point out that simply inserting asymptotic critical exponents deduced from the…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2014-09-01 Jacek Dziarmaga , Wojciech H. Zurek

The quantum Kibble-Zurek mechanism (QKZM) predicts universal dynamical behavior near the quantum phase transitions (QPTs). It is now well understood for the one-dimensional quantum matter. Higher-dimensional systems, however, remain a…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-10-26 Markus Schmitt , Marek M. Rams , Jacek Dziarmaga , Markus Heyl , Wojciech H. Zurek

Traversal of a symmetry-breaking phase transition at a finite rate can lead to causallyseparated regions with incompatible symmetries and the formation of defects at their boundaries. The defect formation follows universal scaling laws…

Kibble-Zurek (KZ) mechanism describes the scaling behavior when driving a system across a continuous symmetry-breaking transition. Previous studies have shown that the KZ-like scaling behavior also lies in the topological transitions in the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-10-21 Huan Yuan , Jinyi Zhang , Shuai Chen , Xiaotian Nie

The Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM) predicts that the average number of topological defects generated upon crossing a continuous or quantum phase transition obeys a universal scaling law with the quench time. Fluctuations in the defect number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-06 Federico Balducci , Mathieu Beau , Jing Yang , Andrea Gambassi , Adolfo del Campo

The Kibble-Zurek mechanism constitutes one of the most fascinating and universal phenomena in the physics of critical systems. It describes the formation of domains and the spontaneous nucleation of topological defects when a system is…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-10-13 A. Zamora , G. Dagvadorj , P. Comaron , I. Carusotto , N. P. Proukakis , M. H. Szymanska

The Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM) is generalized to a class of multi-level systems and applied to study the quenching dynamics of one-dimensional (1D) topological superconductors (TS) with open ends. Unlike the periodic boundary condition,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-07-24 Minchul Lee , Seungju Han , Mahn-Soo Choi
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