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Given recent algorithm, software, and hardware innovation, computing has enabled a plethora of new applications. As computing becomes increasingly ubiquitous, however, so does its environmental impact. This paper brings the issue to the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-11-06 Udit Gupta , Young Geun Kim , Sylvia Lee , Jordan Tse , Hsien-Hsin S. Lee , Gu-Yeon Wei , David Brooks , Carole-Jean Wu

The rapid increase in computing demand and its corresponding energy consumption have focused attention on computing's impact on the climate and sustainability. Prior work proposes metrics that quantify computing's carbon footprint across…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Noman Bashir , Varun Gohil , Anagha Belavadi , Mohammad Shahrad , David Irwin , Elsa Olivetti , Christina Delimitrou

Computing is at a moment of profound opportunity. Emerging applications -- such as capable artificial intelligence, immersive virtual realities, and pervasive sensor systems -- drive unprecedented demand for computer. Despite recent…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Benjamin C. Lee , David Brooks , Arthur van Benthem , Udit Gupta , Gage Hills , Vincent Liu , Benjamin Pierce , Christopher Stewart , Emma Strubell , Gu-Yeon Wei , Adam Wierman , Yuan Yao , Minlan Yu

The demand for computing is continuing to grow exponentially. This growth will translate to exponential growth in computing's energy consumption unless improvements in its energy-efficiency can outpace increases in its demand. Yet, after…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Noman Bashir , David Irwin , Prashant Shenoy , Abel Souza

Major innovations in computing have been driven by scaling up computing infrastructure, while aggressively optimizing operating costs. The result is a network of worldwide datacenters that consume a large amount of energy, mostly in an…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Walid A. Hanafy , Roozbeh Bostandoost , Noman Bashir , David Irwin , Mohammad Hajiesmaili , Prashant Shenoy

Recent improvements in energy efficiency and renewable energy integration have increased the relative importance of embodied carbon in data centers, motivating improved provisioning strategies. Conventional approaches primarily minimize…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Shixin Ji , Zhuoping Yang , Xingzhen Chen , Alex K. Jones , Peipei Zhou

The importance of computing in astronomy continues to increase, and so is its impact on the environment. When analyzing data or performing simulations, most researchers raise concerns about the time to reach a solution rather than its…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-25 Simon Portegies Zwart

Carbon emissions significantly contribute to climate change, and carbon credits have emerged as a key tool for mitigating environmental damage and helping organizations manage their carbon footprint. Despite their growing importance across…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Qingwen Zeng , Hanlin Xu , Nanjun Xu , Zhenghao Zhao , Joakim Westerholm , Flora Salim , Junbin Gao , Huaming Chen

The existing buildings and building construction sectors together are responsible for over one-third of the total global energy consumption and nearly 40% of total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. GHG emissions from the building sector are…

General Economics · Economics 2023-04-10 Haonan Zhang

As Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) continue to drive advancements in artificial intelligence, the design of hardware accelerators faces growing concerns over embodied carbon footprint due to complex fabrication processes. 3D integration…

We propose a dedicated model to assist with the life cycle analysis of emissions of scientific computing centres. The model takes into account both the embodied carbon and emissions from use, as well as other factors such as data centre…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-10-03 Wim Vanderbauwhede , Mattias Wadenstein

In sprite the state-of-the-art, significantly reducing carbon footprint (CF) in communications systems remains urgent. We address this challenge in the context of edge computing. The carbon intensity of electricity supply largely varies…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Zhanwei Yu , Yi Zhao , Tao Deng , Lei You , Di Yuan

The rapid growth of data centers is increasing energy demand and widening the carbon gap in the ICT sector, as fossil fuels still dominate global energy production. Addressing this challenge requires collaboration across research, policy,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Rubén Rodríguez Álvarez , Denisa-Andreea Constantinescu , Miguel Peón-Quirós , David Atienza

Embodied carbon footprint modeling has become an area of growing interest due to its significant contribution to carbon emissions in computing. However, the deterministic nature of the existing models fail to account for the spatial and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Xuesi Chen , Leo Han , Anvita Bhagavathula , Udit Gupta

The rapid growth in demand for HPC systems has led to a rise in carbon footprint, which requires urgent intervention. In this work, we present a comprehensive analysis of the carbon footprint of high-performance computing (HPC) systems,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Baolin Li , Rohan Basu Roy , Daniel Wang , Siddharth Samsi , Vijay Gadepally , Devesh Tiwari

Climate change due to increasing carbon emissions by human activities has been identified as one of the most critical threat to Earth. Carbon neutralization, as a key approach to reverse climate change, has triggered the development of new…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Chien-Sheng Yang , Chien-Chun Huang-Fu , I-Kang Fu

Scientific research in many fields routinely requires the analysis of large datasets, and scientists often employ workflow systems to leverage clusters of computers for their data analysis. However, due to their size and scale, these…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Lauritz Thamsen , Yehia Elkhatib , Paul Harvey , Syed Waqar Nabi , Jeremy Singer , Wim Vanderbauwhede

Green computing represents a critical pathway to decarbonize the digital economy while maintaining technological progress. This article examines how sustainable IT strategies including energy-efficient hardware, AI-optimized data centres,…

Decades of progress in energy-efficient and low-power design have successfully reduced the operational carbon footprint in the semiconductor industry. However, this has led to an increase in embodied emissions, encompassing carbon emissions…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Chetan Choppali Sudarshan , Nikhil Matkar , Sarma Vrudhula , Sachin S. Sapatnekar , Vidya A. Chhabria

The current emissions from computing are almost 4% of the world total. This is already more than emissions from the airline industry and are projected to rise steeply over the next two decades. By 2040 emissions from computing alone will…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Wim Vanderbauwhede
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