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Public blockchains group submitted transactions into batches, called blocks. A natural question is how to determine which transactions are included in these batches. In this note, we show a gap between the welfare of so-called `fair'…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-09-15 Theo Diamandis , Guillermo Angeris

Sharding is a prominent technique for scaling blockchains. By dividing the network into smaller components known as shards, a sharded blockchain can process transactions in parallel without introducing inconsistencies through the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Jianting Zhang , Wuhui Chen , Sifu Luo , Tiantian Gong , Zicong Hong , Aniket Kate

Attacking fairness is crucial because compromised models can introduce biased outcomes, undermining trust and amplifying inequalities in sensitive applications like hiring, healthcare, and law enforcement. This highlights the urgent need to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Jiaqi Xue , Qian Lou , Mengxin Zheng

We study blockchain trade-intent auctions, which currently intermediate about USD 10 billion in trades each month. These auctions are combinatorial because executing multiple trade intents jointly generates additional efficiencies. However,…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-10-27 Andrea Canidio , Felix Henneke

Byzantine Fault-Tolerant (BFT) consensus protocols ensure agreement on transaction ordering despite malicious actors, but unconstrained ordering power enables sophisticated value extraction attacks like front running and sandwich attacks -…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Pengkun Ren , Hai Dong , Nasrin Sohrabi , Zahir Tari , Pengcheng Zhang

Mining processes of Bitcoin and similar cryptocurrencies are currently incentivized with voluntary transaction fees and fixed block rewards which will halve gradually to zero. In the setting where optional and arbitrary transaction fee…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-14 Tiantian Gong , Mohsen Minaei , Wenhai Sun , Aniket Kate

Recent studies unveil the vulnerabilities of deep ranking models, where an imperceptible perturbation can trigger dramatic changes in the ranking result. While previous attempts focus on manipulating absolute ranks of certain candidates,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Mo Zhou , Le Wang , Zhenxing Niu , Qilin Zhang , Yinghui Xu , Nanning Zheng , Gang Hua

Many prominent smart-contract applications such as payment channels, auctions, and voting systems often involve a mechanism in which some party must respond to a challenge or appeal some action within a fixed time limit. This pattern of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Ayelet Lotem , Sarah Azouvi , Patrick McCorry , Aviv Zohar

Leader-based protocols for consensus, i.e., atomic broadcast, allow some processes to unilaterally affect the final order of transactions. This has become a problem for blockchain networks and decentralized finance because it facilitates…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Christian Cachin , Jovana Mićić , Nathalie Steinhauer , Luca Zanolini

Research in transaction processing has made significant progress in improving the performance of multi-core in-memory transactional systems. However, the focus has mainly been on low-contention workloads. Modern transactional systems…

Databases · Computer Science 2018-10-05 Guna Prasaad , Alvin Cheung , Dan Suciu

Prior work studies the question of ``fairly'' ordering transactions in a replicated state machine. Each of $n$ replicas receives transactions in a possibly different order, and the system must aggregate the observed orderings into a single…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Geoffrey Ramseyer , Ashish Goel

Federated Learning is an important emerging distributed training paradigm that keeps data private on clients. It is now well understood that by controlling only a small subset of FL clients, it is possible to introduce a backdoor to a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Joseph Rance , Filip Svoboda

We investigate Ekici (2024b)'s multi-center allocation problems, focusing on fairness in this context. We introduce three fairness notions that respect centers' priorities: internal fairness, external fairness, and procedural fairness. The…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-03-03 Yao Cheng , Di Feng

The transaction ordering dependency of the smart contracts building decentralized exchanges (DEXes) allow for predatory trading strategies. In particular, front-running attacks present a constant risk for traders on DEXes. Whereas legal…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Lioba Heimbach , Eric Schertenleib , Roger Wattenhofer

Traditional blockchains grant the miner of a block full control not only over which transactions but also their order. This constitutes a major flaw discovered with the introduction of decentralized finance and allows miners to perform MEV…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Orestis Alpos , Ignacio Amores-Sesar , Christian Cachin , Michelle Yeo

Conthereum is a concurrent Ethereum solution for intra-block parallel transaction execution, enabling validators to utilize multi-core infrastructure and transform the sequential execution model of Ethereum into a parallel one. This shift…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Atefeh Zareh Chahoki , Maurice Herlihy , Marco Roveri

The number of users adopting Tor to protect their online privacy is increasing rapidly. With a limited number of volunteered relays in the network, the number of clients' connections sharing the same relays is increasing to the extent that…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Lamiaa Basyoni , Aiman Erbad , Amr Mohamed , Ahmed Refaey , Mohsen Guizani

We identify a subtle security issue that impacts the design of smart contracts, because agents may themselves deploy smart contracts (side contracts). Typically, equilibria of games are analyzed in vitro, under the assumption that players…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Daji Landis , Nikolaj I. Schwartzbach

Attack-awareness recognizes self-awareness for security systems regarding the occurring attacks. More frequent and intense attacks on cloud and network infrastructures are pushing security systems to the limit. With the end of Moore's Law,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Lukas Iffländer , Nishant Rawtani , Lukas Beierlieb , Nicolas Fella , Klaus-Dieter Lange , Samuel Kounev

With the growing adoption of AI and machine learning systems in real-world applications, ensuring their fairness has become increasingly critical. The majority of the work in algorithmic fairness focus on assessing and improving the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Eunice Chan , Hanghang Tong