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Related papers: Learning to Isolate Muons in Data

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Experiments at a future $e^{+}e^{-}$ collider will be able to search for new particles with masses below the nominal centre-of-mass energy by analyzing collisions with initial-state radiation (radiative return). We show that machine…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-05-11 Julia Gonski , Jerry Lai , Benjamin Nachman , Inês Ochoa

In many machine learning systems that jointly learn from multiple modalities, a core research question is to understand the nature of multimodal interactions: how modalities combine to provide new task-relevant information that was not…

This paper describes a new way to reconstruct and identify muons with high efficiency and high pion rejection. Since muons at the ILC are often produced with or in jets, for many of the physics channels of interest[1], an efficient…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-06-26 C. Milstene , G. Fisk , A. Para

Large-scale astrophysics datasets present an opportunity for new machine learning techniques to identify regions of interest that might otherwise be overlooked by traditional searches. To this end, we use Classification Without Labels…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-12-11 Mariel Pettee , Sowmya Thanvantri , Benjamin Nachman , David Shih , Matthew R. Buckley , Jack H. Collins

Distinguishing quarks from gluons based on low-level detector output is one of the most challenging applications of multi-variate and machine learning techniques at the LHC. We first show the performance of our 4-vector-based LoLa tagger…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-06-19 Gregor Kasieczka , Nicholas Kiefer , Tilman Plehn , Jennifer M. Thompson

"Soft" muons with a transverse momentum below 10 GeV are featured in many processes studied by the CMS experiment, such as decays of heavy-flavor hadrons or rare tau lepton decays. Maximizing the selection efficiency for these muons, while…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-04-22 CMS Collaboration

This paper proposes a novel framework for multi-label image recognition without any training data, called data-free framework, which uses knowledge of pre-trained Large Language Model (LLM) to learn prompts to adapt pretrained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Shuo Yang , Zirui Shang , Yongqi Wang , Derong Deng , Hongwei Chen , Qiyuan Cheng , Xinxiao Wu

Labeling training data is a key bottleneck in the modern machine learning pipeline. Recent weak supervision approaches combine labels from multiple noisy sources by estimating their accuracies without access to ground truth labels; however,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-03-15 Paroma Varma , Frederic Sala , Ann He , Alexander Ratner , Christopher Ré

We propose a novel use of Large Language Models (LLMs) as unsupervised anomaly detectors in particle physics. Using lightweight LLM-like networks with encoder-based architectures trained to reconstruct background events via masked-token…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2026-01-28 Ambre Visive , Polina Moskvitina , Clara Nellist , Roberto Ruiz de Austri , Sascha Caron

Positive-Unlabeled (PU) learning aims to learn a model with rare positive samples and abundant unlabeled samples. Compared with classical binary classification, the task of PU learning is much more challenging due to the existence of many…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Chengming Xu , Chen Liu , Siqian Yang , Yabiao Wang , Shijie Zhang , Lijie Jia , Yanwei Fu

We build upon recent work on using Machine Learning models to estimate Hamiltonian parameters using continuous weak measurement of qubits as input. We consider two settings for the training of our model: (1) supervised learning where the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-17 Kris Tucker , Amit Kiran Rege , Conor Smith , Claire Monteleoni , Tameem Albash

Real-time bioaerosol monitoring is improving the quality of life for people affected by allergies, but it often relies on deep-learning models which pose challenges for widespread adoption. These models are typically trained in a supervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Adrian Willi , Pascal Baumann , Sophie Erb , Fabian Gröger , Yanick Zeder , Simone Lionetti

Unsupervised ensemble learning emerged to address the challenge of combining multiple learners' predictions without access to ground truth labels or additional data. This paradigm is crucial in scenarios where evaluating individual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Ariel Maymon , Yanir Buznah , Uri Shaham

A search for groups of collimated muons is performed using a data sample collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35 inverse picobarns. The analysis…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2012-08-27 CMS Collaboration

In unsupervised learning, the training data for deep learning does not come with any labels, thus forcing the algorithm to discover hidden patterns in the data for discerning useful information. This, in principle, could be a powerful tool…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-12-17 Jacob Taylor , Haining Pan , Sankar Das Sarma

Reliable data quality monitoring is a key asset in delivering collision data suitable for physics analysis in any modern large-scale High Energy Physics experiment. This paper focuses on the use of artificial neural networks for supervised…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2018-08-03 Adrian Alan Pol , Gianluca Cerminara , Cecile Germain , Maurizio Pierini , Agrima Seth

There has been substantial progress in applying machine learning techniques to classification problems in collider and jet physics. But as these techniques grow in sophistication, they are becoming more sensitive to subtle features of jets…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-02-01 Oz Amram , Cristina Mantilla Suarez

Collisions at high-energy particle colliders are a traditionally fruitful source of exotic particle discoveries. Finding these rare particles requires solving difficult signal-versus-background classification problems, hence machine…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-18 Pierre Baldi , Peter Sadowski , Daniel Whiteson

Large language models (LLMs) have shown a remarkable ability to generalize beyond their pre-training data, and fine-tuning LLMs can elevate performance to human-level and beyond. However, in real-world scenarios, lacking labeled data often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Tzu-Hsuan Chou , Chun-Nan Chou

Anomaly detection in High Energy Physics requires identifying rare signals against overwhelming backgrounds, without prior knowledge of the signal. We present the first application of masked-token prediction, a technique from Large Language…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-24 Ambre Visive , Roberto Ruiz de Austri , Polina Moskvitina , Clara Nellist , Sascha Caron