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With the intense interest in small, noisy quantum computing devices comes the push for larger, more accurate -- and hence more useful -- quantum computers. While fully fault-tolerant quantum computers are, in principle, capable of achieving…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-22 Akshaya Jayashankar , My Duy Hoang Long , Hui Khoon Ng , Prabha Mandayam

The quantum computing devices of today have tens to hundreds of qubits that are highly susceptible to noise due to unwanted interactions with their environment. The theory of quantum error correction provides a scheme by which the effects…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-02 Akshaya Jayashankar , Prabha Mandayam

Motivated by realistic hardware considerations of the pre-fault-tolerant era, we comprehensively study the impact of uncorrected noise on quantum circuits. We first show that any noise `truncates' most quantum circuits to effectively…

Using near-term quantum computers to achieve a quantum advantage requires efficient strategies to improve the performance of the noisy quantum devices presently available. We develop and experimentally validate two efficient error…

Quantum error correction is necessary to perform large-scale quantum computations in the presence of noise and decoherence. As a result, several aspects of quantum error correction have already been explored. These have been primarily…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-05 Ariel Shlosberg , Anthony M. Polloreno , Graeme Smith

Quantum error correction methods use processing power to combat noise. The noise level which can be tolerated in a fault-tolerant method is therefore a function of the computational resources available, especially the size of computer and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Andrew Steane

Coherent errors, and especially those that occur in correlation among a set of qubits, are detrimental for large-scale quantum computing. Correlations in noise can occur as a result of spatial and temporal configurations of instructions…

The noise in physical qubits is fundamentally asymmetric: in most devices, phase errors are much more probable than bit flips. We propose a quantum error correcting code which takes advantage of this asymmetry and shows good performance at…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Lev Ioffe , Marc Mezard

Quantum computers are poised to radically outperform their classical counterparts by manipulating coherent quantum systems. A realistic quantum computer will experience errors due to the environment and imperfect control. When these errors…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-21 Joel J. Wallman , Joseph Emerson

Quantum processing units (QPUs) are highly heterogeneous in terms of physical qubit performance. To add even more complexity, drift in quantum noise landscapes has been well-documented. This makes resource allocation a challenging problem…

A long-standing challenge in quantum computing is developing technologies to overcome the inevitable noise in qubits. To enable meaningful applications in the early stages of fault-tolerant quantum computing, devising methods to suppress…

In theory, quantum computers can efficiently simulate quantum physics, factor large numbers and estimate integrals, thus solving otherwise intractable computational problems. In practice, quantum computers must operate with noisy devices…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 E. Knill

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is critical in reducing the impact of noise in the pre-fault-tolerant era, and is expected to complement error correction in fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC). In this paper, we propose a novel QEM…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Hrushikesh Pramod Patil , Dror Baron , Huiyang Zhou

Quantum noise is a central challenge in quantum computing across many applications. Extensive work has examined how qubits couple to their environment, leading to decoherence and relaxation, which is irreversible. Current studies focus on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-30 Yunos El Kaderi , Andreas Honecker , Iryna Andriyanova

Two schemes are presented that mitigate the effect of errors and decoherence in short depth quantum circuits. The size of the circuits for which these techniques can be applied is limited by the rate at which the errors in the computation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-08 Kristan Temme , Sergey Bravyi , Jay M. Gambetta

The performance of a given quantum error correction (QEC) code depends upon the noise model that is assumed. Independent Pauli noise, applied after each quantum operation, is a simplistic noise model that is easy to simulate and understand…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-04 Wayne M. Witzel , Anand Ganti , Tzvetan S. Metodi

In order to solve problems of practical importance, quantum computers will likely need to incorporate quantum error correction, where a logical qubit is redundantly encoded in many noisy physical qubits. The large physical-qubit overhead…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-25 Harald Putterman , Kyungjoo Noh , Connor T. Hann , Gregory S. MacCabe , Shahriar Aghaeimeibodi , Rishi N. Patel , Menyoung Lee , William M. Jones , Hesam Moradinejad , Roberto Rodriguez , Neha Mahuli , Jefferson Rose , John Clai Owens , Harry Levine , Emma Rosenfeld , Philip Reinhold , Lorenzo Moncelsi , Joshua Ari Alcid , Nasser Alidoust , Patricio Arrangoiz-Arriola , James Barnett , Przemyslaw Bienias , Hugh A. Carson , Cliff Chen , Li Chen , Harutiun Chinkezian , Eric M. Chisholm , Ming-Han Chou , Aashish Clerk , Andrew Clifford , R. Cosmic , Ana Valdes Curiel , Erik Davis , Laura DeLorenzo , J. Mitchell D'Ewart , Art Diky , Nathan D'Souza , Philipp T. Dumitrescu , Shmuel Eisenmann , Essam Elkhouly , Glen Evenbly , Michael T. Fang , Yawen Fang , Matthew J. Fling , Warren Fon , Gabriel Garcia , Alexey V. Gorshkov , Julia A. Grant , Mason J. Gray , Sebastian Grimberg , Arne L. Grimsmo , Arbel Haim , Justin Hand , Yuan He , Mike Hernandez , David Hover , Jimmy S. C. Hung , Matthew Hunt , Joe Iverson , Ignace Jarrige , Jean-Christophe Jaskula , Liang Jiang , Mahmoud Kalaee , Rassul Karabalin , Peter J. Karalekas , Andrew J. Keller , Amirhossein Khalajhedayati , Aleksander Kubica , Hanho Lee , Catherine Leroux , Simon Lieu , Victor Ly , Keven Villegas Madrigal , Guillaume Marcaud , Gavin McCabe , Cody Miles , Ashley Milsted , Joaquin Minguzzi , Anurag Mishra , Biswaroop Mukherjee , Mahdi Naghiloo , Eric Oblepias , Gerson Ortuno , Jason Pagdilao , Nicola Pancotti , Ashley Panduro , JP Paquette , Minje Park , Gregory A. Peairs , David Perello , Eric C. Peterson , Sophia Ponte , John Preskill , Johnson Qiao , Gil Refael , Rachel Resnick , Alex Retzker , Omar A. Reyna , Marc Runyan , Colm A. Ryan , Abdulrahman Sahmoud , Ernesto Sanchez , Rohan Sanil , Krishanu Sankar , Yuki Sato , Thomas Scaffidi , Salome Siavoshi , Prasahnt Sivarajah , Trenton Skogland , Chun-Ju Su , Loren J. Swenson , Stephanie M. Teo , Astrid Tomada , Giacomo Torlai , E. Alex Wollack , Yufeng Ye , Jessica A. Zerrudo , Kailing Zhang , Fernando G. S. L. Brandão , Matthew H. Matheny , Oskar Painter

Near-term quantum computers have been built as intermediate-scale quantum devices and are fragile against quantum noise effects, namely, NISQ devices. Traditional quantum-error-correcting codes are not implemented on such devices and to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-18 Yusuke Hama , Hirofumi Nishi

The hope of the quantum computing field is that quantum architectures are able to scale up and realize fault-tolerant quantum computing. Due to engineering challenges, such ''cheap'' error correction may be decades away. In the meantime, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-17 Rutuja Kshirsagar , Amara Katabarwa , Peter D. Johnson

Overcoming the influence of noise and imperfections is a major challenge in quantum computing. Here, we present an approach based on applying a desired unitary computation in superposition between the system of interest and some auxiliary…