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As artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics increasingly permeate society, ensuring the ethical behavior of these systems has become paramount. This paper contends that transparency in AI decision-making processes is fundamental to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Ahmad Farooq , Kamran Iqbal

The integration of Artificial Intelligence in the development of computer systems presents a new challenge: make intelligent systems explainable to humans. This is especially vital in the field of health and well-being, where transparency…

As artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms become increasingly prevalent in society, multiple stakeholders are calling for these algorithms to provide explanations. At the same time, these stakeholders, whether they be…

Law codes and regulations help organise societies for centuries, and as AI systems gain more autonomy, we question how human-agent systems can operate as peers under the same norms, especially when resources are contended. We posit that…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-02-24 Alex Raymond , Hatice Gunes , Amanda Prorok

Artificial intelligence (AI) is interacting with people at an unprecedented scale, offering new avenues for immense positive impact, but also raising widespread concerns around the potential for individual and societal harm. Today, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Andrea Bajcsy , Jaime F. Fisac

Machines are being increasingly used in decision-making processes, resulting in the realization that decisions need explanations. Unfortunately, an increasing number of these deployed models are of a 'black-box' nature where the reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Sopam Dasgupta

As the globally increasing population drives rapid urbanisation in various parts of the world, there is a great need to deliberate on the future of the cities worth living. In particular, as modern smart cities embrace more and more…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Kashif Ahmad , Majdi Maabreh , Mohamed Ghaly , Khalil Khan , Junaid Qadir , Ala Al-Fuqaha

To generate trust with their users, Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) systems need to include an explanation model that can communicate the internal decisions, behaviours and actions to the interacting humans. Successful explanation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-06-22 Prashan Madumal , Tim Miller , Frank Vetere , Liz Sonenberg

The question addressed in this paper is: If we present to a user an AI system that explains how it works, how do we know whether the explanation works and the user has achieved a pragmatic understanding of the AI? In other words, how do we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-02-04 Robert R. Hoffman , Shane T. Mueller , Gary Klein , Jordan Litman

We consider the problem of providing users of deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) based systems with a better understanding of when their output can be trusted. We offer an explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) framework that provides a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Jeff Druce , Michael Harradon , James Tittle

Artificial Intelligence (AI) solutions and technologies are being increasingly adopted in smart systems context, however, such technologies are continuously concerned with ethical uncertainties. Various guidelines, principles, and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Arif Ali Khan , Muhammad Azeem Akbar , Mahdi Fahmideh , Peng Liang , Muhammad Waseem , Aakash Ahmad , Mahmood Niazi , Pekka Abrahamsson

Society's capacity for algorithmic problem-solving has never been greater. Artificial Intelligence is now applied across more domains than ever, a consequence of powerful abstractions, abundant data, and accessible software. As capabilities…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-08-20 Kris Sankaran

Problems of cooperation--in which agents seek ways to jointly improve their welfare--are ubiquitous and important. They can be found at scales ranging from our daily routines--such as driving on highways, scheduling meetings, and working…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Allan Dafoe , Edward Hughes , Yoram Bachrach , Tantum Collins , Kevin R. McKee , Joel Z. Leibo , Kate Larson , Thore Graepel

With the availability of large databases and recent improvements in deep learning methodology, the performance of AI systems is reaching or even exceeding the human level on an increasing number of complex tasks. Impressive examples of this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-08-29 Wojciech Samek , Thomas Wiegand , Klaus-Robert Müller

There has recently been a surge of work in explanatory artificial intelligence (XAI). This research area tackles the important problem that complex machines and algorithms often cannot provide insights into their behavior and thought…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-02-05 Leilani H. Gilpin , David Bau , Ben Z. Yuan , Ayesha Bajwa , Michael Specter , Lalana Kagal

Generative AI systems are transforming content creation, but their usability remains a key challenge. This paper examines usability factors such as user experience, transparency, control, and cognitive load. Common challenges include…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Anna Ravera , Cristina Gena

Understanding AI systems' inner workings is critical for ensuring value alignment and safety. This review explores mechanistic interpretability: reverse engineering the computational mechanisms and representations learned by neural networks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Leonard Bereska , Efstratios Gavves

This work examines how AI, especially agentic systems, is being adopted in engineering and manufacturing workflows, what value it provides today, and what is needed for broader deployment. This is an exploratory and qualitative…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Kristen M. Edwards , Maxwell Bauer , Claire Jacquillat , A. John Hart , Faez Ahmed

Explainable artificial intelligence and interpretable machine learning are research domains growing in importance. Yet, the underlying concepts remain somewhat elusive and lack generally agreed definitions. While recent inspiration from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-12 Kacper Sokol , Peter Flach

The rapid growth of research in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) follows on two substantial developments. First, the enormous application success of modern machine learning methods, especially deep and reinforcement learning, which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-06 S. Atakishiyev , H. Babiker , N. Farruque , R. Goebel1 , M-Y. Kima , M. H. Motallebi , J. Rabelo , T. Syed , O. R. Zaïane