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Speculative execution which is used pervasively in modern CPUs can leave side effects in the processor caches and other structures even when the speculated instructions do not commit and their direct effect is not visible. The recent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-06-19 Khaled N. Khasawneh , Esmaeil Mohammadian Koruyeh , Chengyu Song , Dmitry Evtyushkin , Dmitry Ponomarev , Nael Abu-Ghazaleh

Application compartmentalization and privilege separation are our primary weapons against ever-increasing security threats and privacy concerns on connected devices. Despite significant progress, it is still challenging to privilege…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Zahra Tarkhani , Anil Madhavapeddy

We propose using reinforcement learning to address the challenges of discovering microarchitectural vulnerabilities, such as Spectre and Meltdown, which exploit subtle interactions in modern processors. Traditional methods like random…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-21 M. Caner Tol , Kemal Derya , Berk Sunar

We present Security Relaxed Separation Logic (SecRSL), a separation logic for proving information-flow security of C11 programs in the Release-Acquire fragment with relaxed accesses. SecRSL is the first security logic that (1) supports…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Pengbo Yan , Toby Murray

Transient execution attacks utilize micro-architectural covert channels to leak secrets that should not have been accessible during logical program execution. Commonly used micro-architectural covert channels are those that leave lasting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Jacob Fustos , Michael Bechtel , Heechul Yun

Speculative execution techniques have been a cornerstone of modern processors to improve instruction-level parallelism. However, recent studies showed that this kind of techniques could be exploited by attackers to leak secret data via…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Bowen Tang , Chenggang Wu , Zhe Wang , Lichen Jia , Pen-Chung Yew , Yueqiang Cheng , Yinqian Zhang , Chenxi Wang , Guoqing Harry Xu

The Spectre vulnerability in modern processors has been widely reported. The key insight in this vulnerability is that speculative execution in processors can be misused to access the secrets. Subsequently, even though the speculatively…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-13 Guanhua Wang , Sudipta Chattopadhyay , Ivan Gotovchits , Tulika Mitra , Abhik Roychoudhury

The exponential growth of Internet of Things (IoT) applications has intensified the demand for efficient, high-throughput, and energy-efficient data processing at the edge. Conventional CPU-centric encryption methods suffer from performance…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Rasha Karakchi , Rye Stahle-Smith , Nishant Chinnasami , Tiffany Yu

New speculation-based attacks that affect large numbers of modern systems are disclosed regularly. Currently, CPU vendors regularly fall back to heavy-handed mitigations like using barriers or enforcing strict programming guidelines…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Ali Hajiabadi , Archit Agarwal , Andreas Diavastos , Trevor E. Carlson

In this work we present the Secure Machine, SeM for short, a CPU architecture extension for secure computing. SeM uses a small amount of in-chip additional hardware that monitors key communication channels inside the CPU chip, and only acts…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-03-13 Ofir Shwartz , Yitzhak Birk

Widespread adoption and growing popularity of embedded/IoT/CPS devices make them attractive attack targets. On low-to-mid-range devices, security features are typically few or none due to various constraints. Such devices are thus subject…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Ivan De Oliveira Nunes , Seoyeon Hwang , Sashidhar Jakkamsetti , Norrathep Rattanavipanon , Gene Tsudik

Spectre, Meltdown, and related attacks have demonstrated that kernels, hypervisors, trusted execution environments, and browsers are prone to information disclosure through micro-architectural weaknesses. However, it remains unclear as to…

Out-of-order speculation, a technique ubiquitous since the early 1990s, remains a fundamental security flaw. Via attacks such as Spectre and Meltdown, an attacker can trick a victim, in an otherwise entirely correct program, into leaking…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Sam Ainsworth

MMU-less Linux variant lacks security because it does not have protection or isolation mechanisms. It also does not use MPUs as they do not fit with its software model because of the design drawbacks of MPUs (\ie coarse-grained protection…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Hesham Almatary , Alfredo Mazzinghi , Robert N. M. Watson

Micro-architectural attacks use information leaked through shared resources to break hardware-enforced isolation. These attacks have been used to steal private information ranging from cryptographic keys to privileged Operating System (OS)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Nikhilesh Singh , Chester Rebeiro

Spectre attacks enable an attacker to access restricted data in an application's memory. Both the academic community and industry veterans have developed several mitigations to block Spectre attacks, but to date, very few have been formally…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-03 Sunjay Cauligi , Marco Guarnieri , Daniel Moghimi , Deian Stefan , Marco Vassena

Android malware detection systems suffer severe performance degradation over time due to concept drift caused by evolving malicious and benign app behaviors. Although recent methods leverage active learning and hierarchical contrastive loss…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Md Ahsanul Haque , Md Mahmuduzzaman Kamol , Suresh Kumar Amalapuram , Vladik Kreinovich , Mohammad Saidur Rahman

An inherent security limitation with the classic multithreaded programming model is that all the threads share the same address space and, therefore, are implicitly assumed to be mutually trusted. This assumption, however, does not take…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2013-05-22 Jun Wang , Xi Xiong , Peng Liu

This paper provides the first systematic analysis of a synergistic threat model encompassing memory corruption vulnerabilities and microarchitectural side-channel vulnerabilities. We study speculative shield bypass attacks that leverage…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-11 Weon Taek Na , Joel S. Emer , Mengjia Yan

The disclosure of the Spectre speculative-execution attacks in January 2018 has left a severe vulnerability that systems are still struggling with how to patch. The solutions that currently exist tend to have incomplete coverage, perform…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Sam Ainsworth , Timothy M. Jones