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Passwords are a fragile, inadequate, and insecure tool for authenticating users, and are especially fraught with problems when used to secure access to network resources and services. In many cases, passwords provide a false sense of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-09-06 Travis Z. Suel

Using password based authentication technique, a system maintains the login credentials (username, password) of the users in a password file. Once the password file is compromised, an adversary obtains both the login credentials. With the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-05-31 Nilesh Chakraborty , Samrat Mondal

The control flow graph (CFG) representation of a procedure used by virtually all flow-sensitive program analyses, admits a large number of infeasible control flow paths i.e., these paths do not occur in any execution of the program. Hence…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-29 Komal Pathade , Uday Khedker

We present an in-depth analysis on the strength of the almost 10,000 passwords from users of an instant messaging server in Italy. We estimate the strength of those passwords, and compare the effectiveness of state-of-the-art attack methods…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2009-07-21 Matteo Dell'Amico , Pietro Michiardi , Yves Roudier

State-of-the-art password guessing tools, such as HashCat and John the Ripper, enable users to check billions of passwords per second against password hashes. In addition to performing straightforward dictionary attacks, these tools can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-18 Briland Hitaj , Paolo Gasti , Giuseppe Ateniese , Fernando Perez-Cruz

Passphrases offer an alternative to traditional passwords which aim to be stronger and more memorable. However, users tend to choose short passphrases with predictable patterns that may reduce the security they offer. To explore the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Christopher Bonk , Zach Parish , Julie Thorpe , Amirali Salehi-Abari

Intelligence agents and multi-agent systems play important roles in scenes like the control system of grouped drones, and multi-agent navigation and obstacle avoidance which is the foundational function of advanced application has great…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Enyu Zhao , Chanjuan Liu , Houfu Su , Yang Liu

Federated learning (FL) enables distributed clients to collaboratively train a global model using local private data. Nevertheless, recent studies show that conventional FL algorithms still exhibit deficiencies in privacy protection, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Ruiyang Wang , Rong Pan , Zhengan Yao

For secure communication it is not just sufficient to use strong cryptography with good and strong keys, but to actually have the assurance, that the keys in use for it are authentic and from the contact one is expecting to communicate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-06-16 Guy Kloss

With the rise of attacks on online accounts in the past years, more and more services offer two-factor authentication for their users. Having factors out of two of the three categories something you know, something you have and something…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Timon Hackenjos , Benedikt Wagner , Julian Herr , Jochen Rill , Marek Wehmer , Niklas Goerke , Ingmar Baumgart

Although differential privacy (DP) is widely regarded as the de facto standard for data privacy, its implementation remains vulnerable to unfaithful execution by servers, particularly in distributed settings. In such cases, servers may…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Haochen Sun , Xi He

Recently, Abdalla et al. proposed a new gateway-oriented password-based authenticated key exchange (GPAKE) protocol among a client, a gateway, and an authentication server, where each client shares a human-memorable password with a trusted…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2010-01-19 He Debiao , Chen Jianhua , Hu Jin

Code generation models have shown significant potential for programming tasks. However, existing training methods like supervised fine-tuning face key limitations: they do not effectively teach models to prioritize correct over incorrect…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Kechi Zhang , Ge Li , Yihong Dong , Jingjing Xu , Jun Zhang , Jing Su , Yongfei Liu , Zhi Jin

Most of the security services in the connected world of cyber-physical systems necessitate authenticating a large number of nodes privately. In this paper, the private authentication problem is considered which consists of a certificate…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Narges Kazempour , Mahtab Mirmohseni , Mohammad Reza Aref

Recent advances in generative models have led to their application in password guessing, with the aim of replicating the complexity, structure, and patterns of human-created passwords. Despite their potential, inconsistencies and inadequate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-20 William Corrias , Fabio De Gaspari , Dorjan Hitaj , Luigi V. Mancini

The aim of this work is to study the evolution of password selection among users. We investigate whether users follow best practices when selecting passwords and identify areas in need of improvement. Four distinct publicly-available…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-04-12 Theodosis Mourouzis , Kyriacos E. Pavlou , Stylianos Kampakis

Privacy measurement instruments (e.g., CFIP, IUIPC, PAQ) predate GDPR by over a decade and measure privacy concerns, distinct from preferences for regulatory protections (e.g., data portability, erasure, automated decision-making rights).…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yahya Hmaiti , Mykola Maslych , Amirpouya Ghasemaghaei , Trung Cuong Dang , Corey Pittman , David Mohaisen , Joseph J. LaViola

Password authentication using Hopfield Networks is presented in this paper. In this paper we discussed the Hopfield Network Scheme for Textual and graphical passwords, for which input Password will be converted in to probabilistic values.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-07-07 ASN Chakravarthy , P S Avadhani , P. E. S. N Krishna Prasad , N. Rajeevand , D. Rajasekhar Reddy

We present True2F, a system for second-factor authentication that provides the benefits of conventional authentication tokens in the face of phishing and software compromise, while also providing strong protection against token faults and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-13 Emma Dauterman , Henry Corrigan-Gibbs , David Mazières , Dan Boneh , Dominic Rizzo

Differential Privacy (DP) is often presented as a strong privacy-enhancing technology with broad applicability and advocated as a de-facto standard for releasing aggregate statistics on sensitive data. However, in many embodiments, DP…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Ari Biswas , Graham Cormode