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Ising machines (IM) are physics-inspired alternatives to von Neumann architectures for solving hard optimization tasks. By mapping binary variables to coupled Ising spins, IMs can naturally solve unconstrained combinatorial optimization…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Corentin Delacour

Quantum or quantum-inspired Ising machines have recently shown promise in solving combinatorial optimization problems in a short time. Real-world applications, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) scheduling for wireless multi-hop…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Yohei Hamakawa , Tomoya Kashimata , Masaya Yamasaki , Kosuke Tatsumura

We use Quantum Imaginary Time Evolution (QITE) to solve polynomial unconstrained binary optimization (PUBO) problems. We show that a linear Ansatz yields good results for a wide range of PUBO problems, often outperforming standard classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-29 Nora M. Bauer , Rizwanul Alam , James Ostrowski , George Siopsis

Domain-specific hardware to solve computationally hard optimization problems has generated tremendous excitement. Here, we evaluate probabilistic bit (p-bit) based Ising Machines (IM) on the 3-regular 3-Exclusive OR Satisfiability (3R3X),…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Srijan Nikhar , Sidharth Kannan , Navid Anjum Aadit , Shuvro Chowdhury , Kerem Y. Camsari

A parallel program together with the parallel hardware it is running on is not only a vehicle to solve numerical problems, it is also a complex system with interesting dynamical behavior: resynchronization and desynchronization of parallel…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Ayesha Afzal , Georg Hager , Gerhard Wellein

Efficiently optimizing Nondeterministic Polynomial time (NP) problems in polynomial time has profound implications in many domains. CMOS oscillator networks have been shown to be effective and efficient in approximating certain NP-hard…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Wenxiao Cai , Zongru Li , Yu-Neng Wang , Sara Achour , Thomas H. Lee

Specialized function gradient computing hardware could greatly improve the performance of state-of-the-art optimization algorithms, e.g., based on gradient descent or conjugate gradient methods that are at the core of control, machine…

We present a method to split quantum circuits of variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) to allow for parallel training and execution, that maximally exploits the limited number of qubits in hardware to solve large problem instances. We apply…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-07 Michele Cattelan , Sheir Yarkoni

We explore the capabilities of physical computing with Oscillatory Neural Networks (ONN) to solve combinatorial optimization problems. To solve Sudokus with ONNs, we define a novel mapping strategy that utilizes the unique characteristics…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-12-09 Bram F. Haverkort , Federico Sbravati , Stefan Porfir , Aida Todri-Sanial

Variational quantum algorithms offer fascinating prospects for the solution of combinatorial optimization problems using digital quantum computers. However, the achievable performance in such algorithms and the role of quantum correlations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-10 Gopal Chandra Santra , Fred Jendrzejewski , Philipp Hauke , Daniel J. Egger

Combinatorial optimization problems are funda- mental for various fields ranging from finance to wireless net- works. This work presents a simulated bifurcation (SB) Ising solver in CMOS for NP-hard optimization problems. Analog domain…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-15 Alana Marie Dee , Sajjad Moazeni

Several continuous dynamical systems have recently been proposed as special-purpose analog computers designed to solve combinatorial optimization problems such as $k$-SAT or the Ising problem. While combinatorial optimization problems are…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2025-06-17 Clemens Gneiting , Farad Khoyratee , Enrico Rinaldi , Khyati Jain , Rishab Khincha , Franco Nori

Combinatorial Optimization (CO) addresses many important problems, including the challenging Maximum Independent Set (MIS) problem. Alongside exact and heuristic solvers, differentiable approaches have emerged, often using continuous…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Ismail Alkhouri , Cedric Le Denmat , Yingjie Li , Cunxi Yu , Jia Liu , Rongrong Wang , Alvaro Velasquez

Coherent Ising machines (CIMs) have emerged as specialized quantum hardware for large-scale combinatorial optimization. However, for large instances that remain challenging for classical methods, some platforms support only finite-precision…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-25 Keming He , Yuehan Zhang , Hongshun Yao , Jin-Guo Liu , Xin Wang

The challenge posted by modern science is to find a way to compute the NP-hard problem. Here we present a coherent computation model based on the whispering-gallery mode micro-resonators. We introduce the optically connected…

Optics · Physics 2022-06-28 Yong-Pan Gao , Peng-Fei Lu , Chuan Wang

The past decade has seen the emergence of Ising machines targeting hard combinatorial optimization problems by minimizing the Ising Hamiltonian with spins represented by continuous dynamical variables. However, capabilities of these…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Aditya Shukla , Mikhail Erementchouk , Pinaki Mazumder

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a promising approach for programming a near-term gate-based hybrid quantum computer to find good approximate solutions of hard combinatorial problems. However, little is currently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-21 Gavin E. Crooks

Quantum approaches to combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) are often limited by the resource demands of Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) encodings, which enlarge circuits through penalty terms and increase qubit and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-25 Frederik Koch , Shahram Panahiyan , Rick Mukherjee , Joseph Doetsch , Dieter Jaksch

Combinatorial optimization problems are ubiquitous in various disciplines and applications. Many heuristic algorithms have been devoted to solve these types of problems. In order to increase the efficiency for finding the optimal solutions,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-10 Yu-Ting Kao , Jia-Le Liao , Hsiu-Chuan Hsu

Quantum computing holds the potential for quantum advantage in optimization problems, which requires advances in quantum algorithms and hardware specifications. Adiabatic quantum optimization is conceptually a valid solution that suffers…