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This paper investigates the identifiability and estimation of the parameters of the single particle model (SPM) for lithium-ion battery simulation. Identifiability is addressed both in principle and in practice. The approach begins by…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-10-03 Adrien M. Bizeray , Jin-Ho Kim , Stephen R. Duncan , David A. Howey

The Single-Particle Model (SPM) of Li ion cell \cite{Santhanagopalan06, Guo2011} is a computationally efficient and fairly accurate model for simulating Li ion cell cycling behavior at weak to moderate currents. The model depends on a large…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-12-13 Michael Khasin , Chetan S. Kulkarni , Kai Goebel

Lithium-ion battery (LIB) sources have played an essential role in self-sustained transportation energy systems and have been widely deployed in the last few years. To realize reliable battery maintenance, identifying its electrochemical…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-15 Yuxuan Gu , Jianxiao Wang , Yuanbo Chen , Kedi Zheng , Zhongwei Deng , Qixin Chen

Advanced battery management systems rely on mathematical models to guarantee optimal functioning of Lithium-ion batteries. The Pseudo-Two Dimensional (P2D) model is a very detailed electrochemical model suitable for simulations. On the…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Andrea Pozzi , Gabriele Ciaramella , Stefan Volkwein , Davide M. Raimondo

Parameter identification for electrochemical battery models has always been challenging due to the multitude of parameters involved, most of which cannot be directly measured. This paper evaluates the efficiency and optimality of three…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-04 Feng Guo , Luis D. Couto , Guillaume Thenaisie

Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in transportation, energy storage, and consumer electronics, driving the need for reliable battery management systems (BMS) for state estimation and control. The Single Particle Model (SPM) balances…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-28 Feng Guo , Luis D. Couto

The single particle model (SPM) is a reduced electrochemical model that holds promise for applications in battery management systems due to its ability to accurately capture battery dynamics; however, the numerical discretization of the SPM…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-11 Joseph N. E. Lucero , Le Xu , Simona Onori

In mathematical models of lithium-ion batteries, the highly heterogeneous porous electrodes are frequently approximated as comprising spherical particles of uniform size, leading to the commonly-used single-particle model (SPM) when…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-06-24 Toby L. Kirk , Jack Evans , Colin P. Please , S. Jonathan Chapman

The widely used Doyler-Fuller-Newman (DFN) model for lithium-ion batteries is too computationally expensive for certain applications, which has motivated the appearance of a plethora of simpler models. These models are usually posed in an…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2021-05-03 Ferran Brosa Planella , Muhammad Sheikh , W. Dhammika Widanage

The standard continuum model of a lithium-ion battery, the Doyle-Fuller-Newman (DFN) model, is computationally expensive to solve. Typically simpler models, such as the single particle model (SPM), are used to provide insight for control…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2019-11-07 Scott G. Marquis , Valentin Sulzer , Robert Timms , Colin P. Please , S. Jon Chapman

In this paper, a novel electrochemical model for LiFePO$_4$ battery cells that accounts for the positive particle lithium intercalation and deintercalation dynamics is proposed. Starting from the enhanced single particle model, mass…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-26 Aki Takahashi , Gabriele Pozzato , Anirudh Allam , Vahid Azimi , Xueyan Li , Donghoon Lee , Johan Ko , Simona Onori

Degradation prognosis for lithium-ion cells requires forecasting the state-of-health (SOH) trajectory over future cycles. Existing data-driven approaches can produce trajectory outputs through direct regression, but lack a mechanism to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Kai Chin Lim , Khay Wai See

Modeling of Li-ion cells is used in battery management systems (BMS) to determine key states such as state-of-charge (SoC), state-of-health (SoH), etc. Accurate models are also useful in developing a cell-level digital-twin that can be used…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-27 Abhijit Kulkarni , Ahsan Nadeem , Roberta Di Fonso , Yusheng Zheng , Remus Teodorescu

A derivation of the single particle model (SPM) is made from a porous electrode theory model (or Newman model) of half-cell (dis)charge for an electrode composed of uniformly sized spherical electrode particles of a single chemistry. The…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2019-07-23 G. Richardson , I. Korotkin , R. Ranom. M. Castle , J. M. Foster

Battery degradation is a major challenge in electric vehicles (EV) and energy storage systems (ESS). However, most degradation investigations focus mainly on estimating the state of charge (SOC), which fails to accurately interpret the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Md Azizul Hoque , Babul Salam , Mohd Khair Hassan , Abdulkabir Aliyu , Abedalmuhdi Almomany , Muhammed Sutcu

Non-invasive parametrisation of physics-based battery models can be performed by fitting the model to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data containing features related to the different physical processes. However, this requires…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-11 Noël Hallemans , Nicola E. Courtier , Colin P. Please , Brady Planden , Rishit Dhoot , Robert Timms , S. Jon chapman , David Howey , Stephen R. Duncan

Lithium-ion battery packs are usually composed of hundreds of cells arranged in series and parallel connections. The proper functioning of these complex devices requires suitable Battery Management Systems (BMSs). Advanced BMSs rely on…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-09-30 Andrea Pozzi , Marcello Torchio , Richard D. Braatz , Davide M. Raimondo

We develop a continuum phase-field model for the simulation of diffusion limited solid-solid phase transformations during lithium insertion in LiFePO4-nano-particles. The solid-solid phase boundary between the LiFePO4 (LFP)-phase and the…

Materials Science · Physics 2018-07-20 Michael Fleck , Holger Federmann , Evgeny Pogorelov

The increasing adoption of Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) batteries in Electric Vehicles is driven by their affordability, abundant material supply, and safety advantages. However, challenges arise in controlling/estimating unmeasurable LFP…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-21 Le Xu , Simone Fasolato , Simona Onori

This letter proposes a lightweight, model-free online diagnostic framework for detecting internal short circuits (ISC) in single lithium-ion cells under dynamic operating conditions. The core of the method lies in computing the first-order…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-17 Yangyang Xu , Chenglin Liao
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