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Observations show a clear vertical metallicity gradient in the Galactic bulge, which is often taken as a signature of dissipative processes in the formation of a classical bulge. Various evidence shows, however, that the Milky Way is a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-12 Inma Martinez-Valpuesta , Ortwin Gerhard

Although there have been numerous studies of chemical abundances in the Galactic bulge, the central two degrees have been relatively unexplored due to the heavy and variable interstellar extinction, extreme stellar crowding, and the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-07-17 M. Schultheis , R. M. Rich , L. Origlia , N. Ryde , G. Nandakumar , B. Thorsbro , N. Neumayer

We report the first sub-kiloparsec spatial resolution measurements of strongly inverted gas-phase metallicity gradients in two dwarf galaxies at $z$$\sim$2. The galaxies have stellar masses $\sim$$10^9M_\odot$, specific star-formation rate…

Stellar mass is the most fundamental property of a galaxy. While it has been robustly measured for millions of external galaxies, it remains poorly constrained for the Milky Way because of the strong selection effect from our inside…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-08-20 Jianhui Lian , Tao Wang , Qikang Feng , Yang Huang , Helong Guo

The Galactic bulge of the Milky Way is made up of stars with a broad range of metallicity, -3.0 < [Fe/H] < 1 dex. The mean of the Metallicity Distribution Function (MDF) decreases as a function of height z from the plane and, more weakly,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-07-06 M. Ness , K. Freeman

We examine the metallicity trends in the Milky Way (MW) bulge - using APOGEE DR13 data - and explore their origin by comparing two N-body models of isolated galaxies which develop a bar and a boxy/peanut (b/p) bulge. Both models have been…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-11-15 F. Fragkoudi , P. Di Matteo , M. Haywood , S. Khoperskov , A. Gómez , M. Schultheis , F. Combes , B. Semelin

Using our rich observations within the Milky Way to better understand galaxy evolution requires understanding what the Milky Way looks like "as a galaxy" -- that is, its "true" shape and abundance profiles (unskewed by observational…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-07-24 Gail Zasowski , Julie Imig , Hayley Coluccio

The internal distribution of heavy elements, in particular the radial metallicity gradient, offers insight into the merging history of galaxies. Using our cosmological, chemodynamical simulations that include both detailed chemical…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-08-30 Philip Taylor , Chiaki Kobayashi

Metallicities of both gas and stars decline toward large radii in spiral galaxies, a trend known as the radial metallicity gradient. We quantify the evolution of the metallicity gradient in the Milky Way as traced by APOGEE red giants with…

The Milky Way provides an ideal laboratory to test our understanding of galaxy evolution, owing to our ability to observe our Galaxy over fine scales. However, connecting the Galaxy to the wider galaxy population remains difficult, due to…

Spectra of HII regions obtained with Gemini/GMOS are used to derive the radial metallicity gradients of four small, low-mass spiral galaxies. The analysis of the outer disk of one of them, NGC 1058, uncovers the characteristic flattening…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-07-24 Fabio Bresolin

Aims. Using a suite of cosmological chemodynamical disc galaxy simulations, we assess how (a) radial metallicity gradients evolve with scaleheight; (b) the vertical metallicity gradients change through the thick disc; and (c) the vertical…

The size of a galaxy is one of the fundamental parameters that reflects its growth and assembly history. Traditionally, the size of the Milky Way has been characterized by the scale length of the disk, based on the assumption of an…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-07-01 Jianhui Lian , Gail Zasowski , Bingqiu Chen , Julie Imig , Tao Wang , Nicholas Boardman , Xiaowei Liu

The early stages of a galaxy's evolution leave an imprint on its metallicity distribution. We discuss the origins and evolution of radial metallicity gradients in discs of spiral galaxies using an analytical chemical evolution model. We…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-04-06 Ralph Schönrich , Paul McMillan

Both simulations and observations suggest that the disk assembly of galaxies is governed by the interplay between coplanar gas inflow, ex-planar gas outflow and in-situ star formation on the disk, known as the leaky accretion disk. This…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-06-18 Enci Wang , Jianhui Lian , Yingjie Peng , Xin Wang

The structure, formation, and evolution of the Milky Way bulge is a matter of debate. Important diagnostics for discriminating between bulge models include alpha-abundance trends with metallicity, and spatial abundance and metallicity…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-12-23 N. Ryde , M. Schultheis , V. Grieco , F. Matteucci , R. M. Rich , S. Uttenthaler

We present a new model for the evolution of gas phase metallicity gradients in galaxies from first principles. We show that metallicity gradients depend on four ratios that collectively describe the metal equilibration timescale,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-02-24 Piyush Sharda , Mark R. Krumholz , Emily Wisnioski , John C. Forbes , Christoph Federrath , Ayan Acharyya

We analyse the evolution of the oxygen abundance gradient of star-forming galaxies with stellar mass Mstar > 10^9 Mo in the EAGK simulation over the redshift range z=[0, 2.5]. We find that the median metallicity gradient of the simulated…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-01-05 Patricia B. Tissera , Yetli Rosas-Guevara , Emanuel Sillero , Susana E. Pedrosa , Tom Theuns , Lucas Bignone

Galactic disks typically exhibit a negative radial metallicity gradient, indicating faster enrichment in the inner regions. Recent studies report that this gradient becomes flatter with increasing stellar age in the Milky Way's (MW) thin…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-02-11 Ao Chen , Juntai Shen , Chun Wang , Yang Huang

Gas flows play a fundamental role in galaxy formation and evolution, providing the fuel for the star formation process. These mechanisms leave an imprint in the amount of heavy elements. Thus, the analysis of this metallicity signature…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-04-20 Morgane Cousin , Véronique Buat , Samuel Boissier , Matthieu Béthermin , Yannick Roehlly , Mathieu Génois
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