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Over the last few years there has been rapid research growth into eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) and the closely aligned Interpretable Machine Learning (IML). Drivers for this growth include recent legislative changes and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Richard Dazeley , Peter Vamplew , Cameron Foale , Charlotte Young , Sunil Aryal , Francisco Cruz

Within the field of Requirements Engineering (RE), the increasing significance of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) in aligning AI-supported systems with user needs, societal expectations, and regulatory standards has garnered…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Barnaby Crook , Maximilian Schlüter , Timo Speith

Machine learning (ML) models, demonstrably powerful, suffer from a lack of interpretability. The absence of transparency, often referred to as the black box nature of ML models, undermines trust and urges the need for efforts to enhance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Fatima Ezzeddine

According to the latest trend of artificial intelligence, AI-systems needs to clarify regarding general,specific decisions,services provided by it. Only consumer is satisfied, with explanation , for example, why any classification result is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Rossi Kamal

The field of eXplainable artificial intelligence (XAI) has produced a plethora of methods (e.g., saliency-maps) to gain insight into artificial intelligence (AI) models, and has exploded with the rise of deep learning (DL). However,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Marvin Pafla , Kate Larson , Mark Hancock

Algorithms used by organizations increasingly wield power in society as they decide the allocation of key resources and basic goods. In order to promote fairer, juster, and more transparent uses of such decision-making power, explainable…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Travis Greene , Sofie Goethals , David Martens , Galit Shmueli

Prior work has identified a resilient phenomenon that threatens the performance of human-AI decision-making teams: overreliance, when people agree with an AI, even when it is incorrect. Surprisingly, overreliance does not reduce when the AI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Helena Vasconcelos , Matthew Jörke , Madeleine Grunde-McLaughlin , Tobias Gerstenberg , Michael Bernstein , Ranjay Krishna

Explainable AI provides insight into the "why" for model predictions, offering potential for users to better understand and trust a model, and to recognize and correct AI predictions that are incorrect. Prior research on human and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Yasmeen Alufaisan , Laura R. Marusich , Jonathan Z. Bakdash , Yan Zhou , Murat Kantarcioglu

As machine learning (ML) systems take a more prominent and central role in contributing to life-impacting decisions, ensuring their trustworthiness and accountability is of utmost importance. Explanations sit at the core of these desirable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Sahil Verma , Aditya Lahiri , John P. Dickerson , Su-In Lee

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to create transparency in modern AI models by offering explanations of the models to human users. There are many ways in which researchers have attempted to evaluate the quality of these XAI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Joe Shymanski , Jacob Brue , Sandip Sen

Explainability is becoming an important requirement for organizations that make use of automated decision-making due to regulatory initiatives and a shift in public awareness. Various and significantly different algorithmic methods to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-12 Tom Vermeire , Thibault Laugel , Xavier Renard , David Martens , Marcin Detyniecki

Explainable models in Artificial Intelligence are often employed to ensure transparency and accountability of AI systems. The fidelity of the explanations are dependent upon the algorithms used as well as on the fidelity of the data. Many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-31 Muhammad Aurangzeb Ahmad , Carly Eckert , Ankur Teredesai

Interactive Artificial Intelligence (AI) agents are becoming increasingly prevalent in society. However, application of such systems without understanding them can be problematic. Black-box AI systems can lead to liability and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Pradyumna Tambwekar , Matthew Gombolay

Explainable AI (XAI) aims to bridge the gap between complex algorithmic systems and human stakeholders. Current discourse often examines XAI in isolation as either a technological tool, user interface, or policy mechanism. This paper…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Joshua L. M. Brand , Luca Nannini

Deploying AI systems in public institutions can have far-reaching consequences for many people, making it a matter of public interest. Providing opportunities for stakeholders to come together, understand these systems, and debate their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Timothée Schmude , Laura Koesten , Torsten Möller , Sebastian Tschiatschek

Research in artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted decision-making is experiencing tremendous growth with a constantly rising number of studies evaluating the effect of AI with and without techniques from the field of explainable AI (XAI) on…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Max Schemmer , Patrick Hemmer , Maximilian Nitsche , Niklas Kühl , Michael Vössing

Explainability of AI models is an important topic that can have a significant impact in all domains and applications from autonomous driving to healthcare. The existing approaches to explainable AI (XAI) are mainly limited to simple machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Poushali Sengupta , Yan Zhang , Sabita Maharjan , Frank Eliassen

There is general consensus that it is important for artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning systems to be explainable and/or interpretable. However, there is no general consensus over what is meant by 'explainable' and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Alun Preece , Dan Harborne , Dave Braines , Richard Tomsett , Supriyo Chakraborty

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly deployed in legal contexts, where their opacity raises significant challenges for fairness, accountability, and trust. The so-called ``black box problem'' undermines the legitimacy of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Andrada Iulia Prajescu , Roberto Confalonieri

The intersection of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and neuroscience in Explainable AI (XAI) is pivotal for enhancing transparency and interpretability in complex decision-making processes. This paper explores the evolution of XAI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Yongchen Zhou , Richard Jiang