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Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) solve partial differential equations using deep learning. However, conventional PINNs perform pointwise predictions that neglect dependencies within a domain, which may result in suboptimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Mayank Nagda , Phil Ostheimer , Thomas Specht , Frank Rhein , Fabian Jirasek , Stephan Mandt , Marius Kloft , Sophie Fellenz

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have recently emerged as a promising alternative for solving partial differential equations, offering a mesh-free framework that incorporates physical laws directly into the learning process. In this…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-04-17 Gal G. Shaviner , Hemanth Chandravamsi , Shimon Pisnoy , Ziv Chen , Steven H. Frankel

Accurate assessment of central hemodynamics is essential for diagnosis and risk stratification, yet it still relies largely on invasive measurements or on indirect reconstructions built from population-averaged transfer functions. While…

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are machine learning tools that approximate the solution of general partial differential equations (PDEs) by adding them in some form as terms of the loss/cost function of a Neural Network. Most…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-08-29 Antonio Tadeu Azevedo Gomes , Larissa Miguez da Silva , Frederic Valentin

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) represent a new paradigm for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) by integrating physical laws into the learning process of neural networks. However, ensuring that such frameworks fully…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Nanxi Chen , Sifan Wang , Rujin Ma , Airong Chen , Chuanjie Cui

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are an increasingly powerful way to solve partial differential equations, generate digital twins, and create neural surrogates of physical models. In this manuscript we detail the inner workings of…

Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a promising noninvasive imaging technique that reconstructs the spatial conductivity distribution from boundary voltage measurements. However, it poses a highly nonlinear and ill-posed inverse…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-16 Xuanxuan Yang , Yangming Zhang , Haofeng Chen , Gang Ma , Xiaojie Wang

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have attracted significant attention for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) in recent years because they alleviate the curse of dimensionality that appears in traditional methods. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Yihang Gao , Ka Chun Cheung , Michael K. Ng

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) formulate the solution of partial differential equations as residual minimization problems over neural network parameterizations. Although highly flexible, optimization of PINNs using modern variants…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-29 Maciej Paszyński , Tomasz Służalec

We leverage Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) to learn solution functions of parametric Navier-Stokes Equations (NSE). Our proposed approach results in a feasible optimization problem setup that bypasses PINNs' limitations in…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-02-06 M. Naderibeni , M. J. T. Reinders , L. Wu , D. M. J. Tax

We propose Weak and Entropy PINNs (WE-PINNs) for the approximation of entropy solutions to nonlinear hyperbolic conservation laws. Standard physics-informed neural networks enforce governing equations in strong differential form, an…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-27 Ismail Oubarka , Imad Kissami , Mohamed Boubekeur , Fayssal Benkhaldoun , Aziz Madrane , Zakaria Saadi

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have demonstrated promise as a framework for solving forward and inverse problems involving partial differential equations. Despite recent progress in the field, it remains challenging to quantify…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Bruno Jacob , Ashish S. Nair , Amanda A. Howard , Jan Drgona , Panos Stinis

A physics-informed neural network (PINN) uses physics-augmented loss functions, e.g., incorporating the residual term from governing partial differential equations (PDEs), to ensure its output is consistent with fundamental physics laws.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Jian Cheng Wong , Chinchun Ooi , Abhishek Gupta , Yew-Soon Ong

Resolving the diffusion coefficient is a key element in many biological and engineering systems, including pharmacological drug transport and fluid mechanics analyses. Additionally, these systems often have spatial variation in the…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-03-08 Sukirt Thakur , Ehsan Esmaili , Sarah Libring , Luis Solorio , Arezoo M. Ardekani

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) [4, 10] are an approach for solving boundary value problems based on differential equations (PDEs). The key idea of PINNs is to use a neural network to approximate the solution to the PDE and to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-05-23 Victorita Dolean , Alexander Heinlein , Siddhartha Mishra , Ben Moseley

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) serve as a flexible alternative for tackling forward and inverse problems in differential equations, displaying impressive advancements in diverse areas of applied mathematics. Despite integrating…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-07-12 Shengfeng Xu , Chang Yan , Zhenxu Sun , Renfang Huang , Dilong Guo , Guowei Yang

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have shown promising potential for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) using deep learning. However, PINNs face training difficulties for evolutionary PDEs, particularly for dynamical…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Siqi Chen , Bin Shan , Ye Li

In this paper, we propose a novel Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) framework based on the Cord\`{e}s condition for solving both linear and fully nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) in non-divergence form, together with…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-29 Bingcheng Hu , Lixiang Jin , Zhaoxiang Li

This paper explores the difficulties in solving partial differential equations (PDEs) using physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). PINNs use physics as a regularization term in the objective function. However, a drawback of this approach…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Shamsulhaq Basir

In this paper, numerical methods using Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are presented with the aim to solve higher-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Indeed, this deep-learning technique is successfully applied for…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-07-17 Hubert Baty
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