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The estimation of rare event probabilities plays a pivotal role in diverse fields. Our aim is to determine the probability of a hazard or system failure occurring when a quantity of interest exceeds a critical value. In our approach, the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-11 Lea Friedli , David Ginsbourger , Arnaud Doucet , Niklas Linde

A new and rapidly growing econometric literature is making advances in the problem of using machine learning methods for causal inference questions. Yet, the empirical economics literature has not started to fully exploit the strengths of…

General Economics · Economics 2021-01-05 Anna Baiardi , Andrea A. Naghi

Comparing competing mathematical models of complex natural processes is a shared goal among many branches of science. The Bayesian probabilistic framework offers a principled way to perform model comparison and extract useful metrics for…

Message importance measure (MIM) is applicable to characterize the importance of information in the scenario of big data, similar to entropy in information theory. In fact, MIM with a variable parameter can make an effect on the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Rui She , Shanyun Liu , Yunquan Dong , Pingyi Fan

This paper considers the problem of model selection within the context of finite element model updating. Given that a number of FEM updating models, with different updating parameters, can be designed, this paper proposes using the Bayesian…

Computation · Statistics 2008-10-16 Linda Mthembu , Tshilidzi Marwala , Michael I. Friswell , Sondipon Adhikari

The Wald development of statistical decision theory addresses decision making with sample data. Wald's concept of a statistical decision function (SDF) embraces all mappings of the form [data -> decision]. An SDF need not perform…

Econometrics · Economics 2019-09-17 Charles F. Manski

Trustworthy ML systems should not only return accurate predictions, but also a reliable representation of their uncertainty. Bayesian methods are commonly used to quantify both aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty, but alternative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Mira Jürgens , Nis Meinert , Viktor Bengs , Eyke Hüllermeier , Willem Waegeman

Embedding data into vector spaces is a very popular strategy of pattern recognition methods. When distances between embeddings are quantized, performance metrics become ambiguous. In this paper, we present an analysis of the ambiguity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-02-21 Anguelos Nicolaou , Sounak Dey , Vincent Christlein , Andreas Maier , Dimosthenis Karatzas

We develop new methods to integrate experimental and observational data in causal inference. While randomized controlled trials offer strong internal validity, they are often costly and therefore limited in sample size. Observational data,…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-11-04 Xuelin Yang , Licong Lin , Susan Athey , Michael I. Jordan , Guido W. Imbens

The Product Data Model (PDM) is an example of a data-centric approach to modelling information-intensive business processes, which offers exibility and facilitates process optimization. Because the approach is declarative in nature, there…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-05-19 Konstantinos Varvoutas , Anastasios Gounaris , Georgia Kougka , Hajo A. Reijers

We give an overview of several aspects arising in the statistical analysis of extreme risks with actuarial applications in view. In particular it is demonstrated that empirical process theory is a very powerful tool, both for the asymptotic…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-03-19 Holger Drees

Every prediction is ultimately used in a downstream task. Consequently, evaluating prediction quality is more meaningful when considered in the context of its downstream use. Metrics based solely on predictive performance often diverge from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Novin Shahroudi , Viacheslav Komisarenko , Meelis Kull

Evaluating mathematical reasoning in LLMs is constrained by limited benchmark sizes and inherent model stochasticity, yielding high-variance accuracy estimates and unstable rankings across platforms. On difficult problems, an LLM may fail…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Zihan Dong , Zhixian Zhang , Yang Zhou , Can Jin , Ruijia Wu , Linjun Zhang

Addressing uncertainty is critical for autonomous systems to robustly adapt to the real world. We formulate the problem of model uncertainty as a continuous Bayes-Adaptive Markov Decision Process (BAMDP), where an agent maintains a…

This article, produced as a result of the Symposium on Statistical Inference, is an introduction to the literature on the function of expertise, judgment, and choice in the practice of statistics and scientific research. In particular,…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2018-09-14 Naomi C Brownstein

This paper discusses the fundamental principles of causal inference - the area of statistics that estimates the effect of specific occurrences, treatments, interventions, and exposures on a given outcome from experimental and observational…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-03 Francesca Dominici , Falco J. Bargagli-Stoffi , Fabrizia Mealli

Traditional NBA player evaluation metrics are based on scoring differential or some pace-adjusted linear combination of box score statistics like points, rebounds, assists, etc. These measures treat performances with the outcome of the game…

Applications · Statistics 2023-09-21 Sameer K. Deshpande , Shane T. Jensen

Statistical analysis is an important tool to distinguish systematic from chance findings. Current statistical analyses rely on distributional assumptions reflecting the structure of some underlying model, which if not met lead to problems…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-11-15 Orestis Loukas , Ho Ryun Chung

In recent years, breakthroughs in artificial intelligence (AI) technology have triggered global industrial transformations, with applications permeating various fields such as finance, healthcare, education, and manufacturing. However, this…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Yu yang

We revisit empirical Bayes discrimination detection, focusing on uncertainty arising from both partial identification and sampling variability. While prior work has mostly focused on partial identification, we find that some empirical…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-08-19 Jiaying Gu , Nikolaos Ignatiadis , Azeem M. Shaikh