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A discrete time crystal is a recently discovered non-equilibrium phase of matter that has been shown to exist in disordered, periodically driven Ising spin chains. In this phase, if the system is initially prepared in one of a certain class…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-30 Edwin Barnes , John M. Nichol , Sophia E. Economou

We report the first experimental observation of discrete time-crystal phases and crystallites in an actively mode-locked semiconductor laser. By tuning either the bias current or the modulation frequency, the system undergoes a spontaneous…

Discrete time crystals (DTC) exhibit a special non-equilibrium phase of matter in periodically driven many-body systems with spontaneous breaking of time translational symmetry. The presence of decoherence generally enhances thermalization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-31 Rozhin Yousefjani , Angelo Carollo , Krzysztof Sacha , Saif Al-Kuwari , Abolfazl Bayat

Discrete time crystals (DTCs) are novel out-of-equilibrium quantum states of matter which break time translational symmetry. DTCs have been extensively realized in experiments, particularly their subclass that is characterized by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Tianqi Chen , Ruizhe Shen , Ching Hua Lee , Bo Yang , Raditya Weda Bomantara

Continuous time-translation symmetry is often spontaneously broken in open quantum systems, and the condition for their emergence has been actively investigated. However, there are only a few cases in which its condition for appearance has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-10 Yuma Nakanishi , Ryo Hanai , Tomohiro Sasamoto

Crystals spontaneously break the continuous translation symmetry in space, despite the invariance of the underlying energy function. This has triggered suggestions of time crystals analogously lifting translational invariance in time.…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-02-29 A. Greilich , N. E. Kopteva , A. N. Kamenskii , P. S. Sokolov , V. L. Korenev , M. Bayer

Although classical nonlinear dynamics suggests that sufficiently strong nonlinearity can sustain oscillations, quantization of such model typically yields a time-independent steady state that respects time-translation symmetry and thus…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-29 Song-hai Li , Najmeh Es'haqi-Sani , Xingli Li , Wenlin Li

Discrete time-crystals are periodically driven quantum many-body systems with broken discrete-time translational symmetry, a non-equilibrium steady state representing self-organization of motion of quantum particles. Observations of…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-06-28 Subhajit Sarkar , Yonatan Dubi

A time crystal is an exotic phase of matter where time-translational symmetry is broken; this phase differs from the spatial symmetry breaking induced in crystals in space. Lots of experiments report the transition from a thermal…

Time crystals constitute a novel phase of matter defined by the spontaneous breaking of timetranslation symmetry. Here we present a scheme to realize a continuous-time crystal of the vibrational phonon in the normal mode of two coupled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-30 Yi-Ling Zhan , Chun-Fu Liu , J. -T. Bu , K. -F Cui , S. -L. Su , L. -L. Yan , Gang Chen

We study discrete time crystals (DTCs) in periodically driven quantum systems, in the presence of non-Markovian dissipation. In contrast to DTCs observed in earlier works in the presence of Markovian dynamics, using the open Dicke model in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-24 Bandita Das , Noufal Jaseem , Victor Mukherjee

Discrete time crystals (DTCs) are emergent non-equilibrium phases of periodically driven many-body systems, with potential applications ranging from quantum computing to sensing and metrology. There has been significant recent interest in…

Dissipative time crystals can appear in spin systems, when the $Z_2$ symmetry of the Hamiltonian is broken by the environment, and the square of total spin operator $S^2$ is conserved. In this manuscript, we relax the latter condition and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-22 Gianluca Passarelli , Procolo Lucignano , Rosario Fazio , Angelo Russomanno

Time crystals in periodically driven systems have initially been studied assuming either the ability to quench the Hamiltonian between different many-body regimes, the presence of disorder or long-range interactions. Here we propose the…

Time crystals are genuinely non-equilibrium quantum phases of matter that break time-translational symmetry. While in non-equilibrium closed systems time crystals have been experimentally realized, it remains an open question whether or not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-27 Andreu Riera-Campeny , Maria Moreno-Cardoner , Anna Sanpera

Time crystals are a phase of matter, for which the discrete time symmetry of the driving Hamiltonian is spontaneously broken. The breaking of discrete time symmetry has been observed in several experiments in driven spin systems. Here, we…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2018-11-07 Jasper Smits , Lei Liao , Henk Stoof , Peter van der Straten

In this PhD thesis, I investigate the properties of symmetry-breaking dynamical phase transitions that manifest in the fluctuations of time-integrated observables within classical systems. In particular, I analyze how these phase…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-04-08 Rubén Hurtado-Gutiérrez

A discrete time crystal (DTC) is the paradigmatic example of a phase of matter that occurs exclusively in systems out of equilibrium. This phenomenon is characterized by the spontaneous symmetry breaking of discrete time-translation and…

Discrete time crystals are non-equilibrium phases of matter in periodically driven systems, characterized by robust subharmonic oscillations and broken discrete time-translation symmetry. Their long-lived coherent dynamics and resilience to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-29 Rozhin Yousefjani , Shaikha Al-Naimi , Saif Al-Kuwari , Abolfazl Bayat

Many-body quantum systems, under suitable conditions, exhibit time-translation symmetry breaking and settle in a discrete time crystalline (DTC) phase -- an out-of-equilibrium quantum phase of matter. The defining feature of DTC is a robust…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-14 Gourab Das , Saptarshi Saha , Rangeet Bhattacharyya