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Vision-language models, such as contrastive language-image pre-training (CLIP), have demonstrated impressive results in natural image domains. However, these models often struggle when applied to specialized domains like remote sensing, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Sangwoo Mo , Minkyu Kim , Kyungmin Lee , Jinwoo Shin

Image captioning is the process of automatically generating a description of an image in natural language. Image captioning is one of the significant challenges in image understanding since it requires not only recognizing salient objects…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Ghadah Alabduljabbar , Hafida Benhidour , Said Kerrache

Image captioning is an important problem in developing various AI systems, and these tasks require large volumes of annotated images to train the models. Since all existing labelled datasets are already used for training the large Vision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Parag Dutta , Ambedkar Dukkipati

Multi-modal models, such as CLIP, have demonstrated strong performance in aligning visual and textual representations, excelling in tasks like image retrieval and zero-shot classification. Despite this success, the mechanisms by which these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Wenhao Wang , Adam Dziedzic , Grace C. Kim , Michael Backes , Franziska Boenisch

Image captioning has conventionally relied on reference-based automatic evaluations, where machine captions are compared against captions written by humans. This is in contrast to the reference-free manner in which humans assess caption…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Jack Hessel , Ari Holtzman , Maxwell Forbes , Ronan Le Bras , Yejin Choi

Vision-language models (VLMs) embed aligned image-text pairs into a joint space but often rely on deterministic embeddings, assuming a one-to-one correspondence between images and texts. This oversimplifies real-world relationships, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Sanghyuk Chun , Wonjae Kim , Song Park , Sangdoo Yun

Visual Storytelling is a challenging multimodal task between Vision & Language, where the purpose is to generate a story for a stream of images. Its difficulty lies on the fact that the story should be both grounded to the image sequence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Admitos Passadakis , Yingjin Song , Albert Gatt

Humans show language-biased image recognition for a word-embedded image, known as picture-word interference. Such interference depends on hierarchical semantic categories and reflects that human language processing highly interacts with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Yoann Lemesle , Masataka Sawayama , Guillermo Valle-Perez , Maxime Adolphe , Hélène Sauzéon , Pierre-Yves Oudeyer

The task of image captioning demands an algorithm to generate natural language descriptions of visual inputs. Recent advancements have seen a convergence between image captioning research and the development of Large Language Models (LLMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Davide Bucciarelli , Nicholas Moratelli , Marcella Cornia , Lorenzo Baraldi , Rita Cucchiara

Image captioning is one of the most fundamental tasks in computer vision. Owing to its open-ended nature, it has received significant attention in the era of multimodal large language models (MLLMs). In pursuit of ever more detailed and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Shaokai Ye , Vasileios Saveris , Yihao Qian , Jiaming Hu , Elmira Amirloo , Peter Grasch

Previous works show that noisy, web-crawled image-text pairs may limit vision-language pretraining like CLIP and propose learning with synthetic captions as a promising alternative. Our work continues this effort, introducing two simple yet…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Yanqing Liu , Xianhang Li , Zeyu Wang , Bingchen Zhao , Cihang Xie

Weakly-Supervised Dense Video Captioning aims to localize and describe events in videos trained only on caption annotations, without temporal boundaries. Prior work introduced an implicit supervision paradigm based on Gaussian masking and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Ye-Chan Kim , SeungJu Cha , Si-Woo Kim , Minju Jeon , Hyungee Kim , Dong-Jin Kim

Automatic image captioning has recently approached human-level performance due to the latest advances in computer vision and natural language understanding. However, most of the current models can only generate plain factual descriptions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-01-31 Quanzeng You , Hailin Jin , Jiebo Luo

Image captioning systems are unable to generate fine-grained captions as they are trained on data that is either noisy (alt-text) or generic (human annotations). This is further exacerbated by maximum likelihood training that encourages…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Manu Gaur , Darshan Singh , Makarand Tapaswi

The core objective of image captioning is to achieve lossless semantic compression from visual signals into textual modalities. However, the reliance on manually curated reference texts for evaluation essentially forces models to mimic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Ziyun Chen , Fan Liu , Liang Yao , Chuanyi Zhang , Yuye Ma , Wei Zhou

Based on the observation that semantic segmentation errors are partially predictable, we propose a compact formulation using confusion statistics of the trained classifier to refine (re-estimate) the initial pixel label hypotheses. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-01-24 James W. Davis , Christopher Menart , Muhammad Akbar , Roman Ilin

Explainable object recognition using vision-language models such as CLIP involves predicting accurate category labels supported by rationales that justify the decision-making process. Existing methods typically rely on prompt-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Ali Rasekh , Sepehr Kazemi Ranjbar , Simon Gottschalk

Internet memes represent a popular form of multimodal online communication and often use figurative elements to convey layered meaning through the combination of text and images. However, it remains largely unclear how multimodal large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Shijia Zhou , Saif M. Mohammad , Barbara Plank , Diego Frassinelli

A picture is worth a thousand words. Not until recently, however, we noticed some success stories in understanding of visual scenes: a model that is able to detect/name objects, describe their attributes, and recognize their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-10-27 Ying Hua Tan , Chee Seng Chan

Masked Image Modeling (MIM) is a technique in self-supervised learning that focuses on acquiring detailed visual representations from unlabeled images by estimating the missing pixels in randomly masked sections. It has proven to be a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Khanh-Binh Nguyen , Chae Jung Park