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Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), built upon LLMs, have recently gained attention for their capabilities in image recognition and understanding. However, while MLLMs are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, the transferability of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Chenhe Gu , Jindong Gu , Andong Hua , Yao Qin

The emergence of Vision Language Models (VLMs) is a significant advancement in integrating computer vision with Large Language Models (LLMs) to produce detailed text descriptions based on visual inputs, yet it introduces new security…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Weimin Lyu , Lu Pang , Tengfei Ma , Haibin Ling , Chao Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance across natural language tasks and are increasingly deployed in real-world applications. Despite extensive safety alignment efforts, recent studies show that such alignment is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Yinzhi Zhao , Ming Wang , Shi Feng , Xiaocui Yang , Daling Wang , Yifei Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in a wide range of applications, yet remain vulnerable to adversarial jailbreak attacks that circumvent their safety guardrails. Existing evaluation frameworks typically report binary…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Zvi Topol

Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) have significantly advanced audio understanding but introduce critical security risks, particularly through audio jailbreaks. While prior work has focused on English-centric attacks, we expose a far more…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Jaechul Roh , Virat Shejwalkar , Amir Houmansadr

Recent studies reveal that integrating new modalities into Large Language Models (LLMs), such as Vision-Language Models (VLMs), creates a new attack surface that bypasses existing safety training techniques like Supervised Fine-tuning (SFT)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Trishna Chakraborty , Erfan Shayegani , Zikui Cai , Nael Abu-Ghazaleh , M. Salman Asif , Yue Dong , Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury , Chengyu Song

Despite their superior performance on a wide range of domains, large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to misuse for generating harmful content, a risk that has been further amplified by various jailbreak attacks. Existing jailbreak…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Yukun Jiang , Mingjie Li , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

While vision and multimodal foundation models underpin critical tasks from perception to complex reasoning, they remain highly vulnerable to adversarial attacks. However, traditional adversarial attacks are typically limited to single,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Ye Sun , Xin Wang , Jiaming Zhang , Yifeng Gao , Yixu Wang , Yifan Ding , Qixian Zhang , Henghui Ding , Xingjun Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang

Large vision-language models (VLMs) often exhibit weakened safety alignment with the integration of the visual modality. Even when text prompts contain explicit harmful intent, adding an image can substantially increase jailbreak success…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Zhihua Wei , Qiang Li , Jian Ruan , Zhenxin Qin , Leilei Wen , Dongrui Liu , Wen Shen

It has recently been shown that adversarial attacks on large language models (LLMs) can "jailbreak" the model into making harmful statements. In this work, we argue that the spectrum of adversarial attacks on LLMs is much larger than merely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Jonas Geiping , Alex Stein , Manli Shu , Khalid Saifullah , Yuxin Wen , Tom Goldstein

Vision-Language-Action models (VLAs) have recently demonstrated remarkable progress in embodied environments, enabling robots to perceive, reason, and act through unified multimodal understanding. Despite their impressive capabilities, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Yuping Yan , Yuhan Xie , Yixin Zhang , Lingjuan Lyu , Handing Wang , Yaochu Jin

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being adopted in a wide range of real-world applications. Despite their impressive performance, recent studies have shown that LLMs are vulnerable to deliberately crafted adversarial prompts…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Wei Zhao , Zhe Li , Yige Li , Ye Zhang , Jun Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained widespread adoption across various domains, including chatbots and auto-task completion agents. However, these models are susceptible to safety vulnerabilities such as jailbreaking, prompt injection,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Divyanshu Kumar , Anurakt Kumar , Sahil Agarwal , Prashanth Harshangi

We study typographic prompt injection attacks on vision-language models (VLMs), where adversarial text is rendered as images to bypass safety mechanisms, posing a growing threat as VLMs serve as the perceptual backbone of autonomous agents,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Ravikumar Balakrishnan , Sanket Mendapara , Ankit Garg

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) extend large language models with visual reasoning, but their multimodal design also introduces new, underexplored vulnerabilities. Existing multimodal red-teaming methods largely rely on brittle templates,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Qilin Liao , Anamika Lochab , Ruqi Zhang

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have taken the spotlight in natural language processing. Further, integrating LLMs with vision enables the users to explore more emergent abilities in multimodality. Visual language models (VLMs), such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Minh-Hao Van , Xintao Wu

Alignment in large language models (LLMs) is used to enforce guidelines such as safety. Yet, alignment fails in the face of jailbreak attacks that modify inputs to induce unsafe outputs. In this paper, we introduce and evaluate a new…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Jean-Charles Noirot Ferrand , Yohan Beugin , Eric Pauley , Ryan Sheatsley , Patrick McDaniel

The rapid expansion of research on Large Language Model (LLM) safety and robustness has produced a fragmented and oftentimes buggy ecosystem of implementations, datasets, and evaluation methods. This fragmentation makes reproducibility and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Tim Beyer , Jonas Dornbusch , Jakob Steimle , Moritz Ladenburger , Leo Schwinn , Stephan Günnemann

Vision-language pretraining (VLP) with transformers has demonstrated exceptional performance across numerous multimodal tasks. However, the adversarial robustness of these models has not been thoroughly investigated. Existing multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Jiwei Guan , Tianyu Ding , Longbing Cao , Lei Pan , Chen Wang , Xi Zheng

Despite their superb capabilities, Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have been shown to be vulnerable to jailbreak attacks. While recent jailbreaks have achieved notable progress, their effectiveness and efficiency can still be improved. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Yunhan Zhao , Xiang Zheng , Xingjun Ma