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Tuning hyperparameters of learning algorithms is hard because gradients are usually unavailable. We compute exact gradients of cross-validation performance with respect to all hyperparameters by chaining derivatives backwards through the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-04-03 Dougal Maclaurin , David Duvenaud , Ryan P. Adams

Dependency parsing is the task of inferring natural language structure, often approached by modeling word interactions via attention through biaffine scoring. This mechanism works like self-attention in Transformers, where scores are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Paolo Gajo , Domenic Rosati , Hassan Sajjad , Alberto Barrón-Cedeño

Generative models have advantageous characteristics for classification tasks such as the availability of unsupervised data and calibrated confidence, whereas discriminative models have advantages in terms of the simplicity of their model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Hideaki Hayashi

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become increasingly important due to their representational power and state-of-the-art predictive performance on many fundamental learning tasks. Despite this success, GNNs suffer from fairness issues that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 April Chen , Ryan A. Rossi , Namyong Park , Puja Trivedi , Yu Wang , Tong Yu , Sungchul Kim , Franck Dernoncourt , Nesreen K. Ahmed

Important applications such as mobile computing require reducing the computational costs of neural network inference. Ideally, applications would specify their preferred tradeoff between accuracy and speed, and the network would optimize…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Charles Herrmann , Richard Strong Bowen , Ramin Zabih

Graphical models are widely used to study complex multivariate biological systems. Network inference algorithms aim to reverse-engineer such models from noisy experimental data. It is common to assess such algorithms using techniques from…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-03-03 Chris J. Oates , Richard Amos , Simon E. F. Spencer

Machine learning advances in the last decade have relied significantly on large-scale datasets that continue to grow in size. Increasingly, those datasets also contain different data modalities. However, large multi-modal datasets are hard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Itai Gat , Idan Schwartz , Alexander Schwing

Gradient Boosting Machine has proven to be one successful function approximator and has been widely used in a variety of areas. However, since the training procedure of each base learner has to take the sequential order, it is infeasible to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Ji Feng , Yi-Xuan Xu , Yuan Jiang , Zhi-Hua Zhou

Many classification problems consider classes that form a hierarchy. Classifiers that are aware of this hierarchy may be able to make confident predictions at a coarse level despite being uncertain at the fine-grained level. While it is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Jack Valmadre

Score-based diffusion models provide a powerful way to model images using the gradient of the data distribution. Leveraging the learned score function as a prior, here we introduce a way to sample data from a conditional distribution given…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-19 Hyungjin Chung , Jong Chul Ye

The assessment of music performances in most cases takes into account the underlying musical score being performed. While there have been several automatic approaches for objective music performance assessment (MPA) based on extracted…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-04 Jiawen Huang , Yun-Ning Hung , Ashis Pati , Siddharth Kumar Gururani , Alexander Lerch

Preferential attachment is an appealing edge generating mechanism for modeling social networks. It provides both an intuitive description of network growth and an explanation for the observed power laws in degree distributions. However,…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-12-21 Phyllis Wan , Tiandong Wang , Richard A. Davis , Sidney I. Resnick

Fair classification has become an important topic in machine learning research. While most bias mitigation strategies focus on neural networks, we noticed a lack of work on fair classifiers based on decision trees even though they have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Vincent Grari , Boris Ruf , Sylvain Lamprier , Marcin Detyniecki

Recent efforts to learn reward functions from human feedback have tended to use deep neural networks, whose lack of transparency hampers our ability to explain agent behaviour or verify alignment. We explore the merits of learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Tom Bewley , Jonathan Lawry , Arthur Richards , Rachel Craddock , Ian Henderson

Most efforts in interpretability in deep learning have focused on (1) extracting explanations of a specific downstream task in relation to the input features and (2) imposing constraints on the model, often at the expense of predictive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Marco Bertolini , Djork-Arné Clevert , Floriane Montanari

The maximum element of the vector output by the Softmax function approaches zero as the input vector size increases. Transformer-based language models rely on Softmax to compute attention scores, causing the attention distribution to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Ken M. Nakanishi

Deep classifiers have achieved great success in visual recognition. However, real-world data is long-tailed by nature, leading to the mismatch between training and testing distributions. In this paper, we show that the Softmax function,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Jiawei Ren , Cunjun Yu , Shunan Sheng , Xiao Ma , Haiyu Zhao , Shuai Yi , Hongsheng Li

Multilevel optimization has gained renewed interest in machine learning due to its promise in applications such as hyperparameter tuning and continual learning. However, existing methods struggle with the inherent difficulty of efficiently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Yuntian Gu , Xuzheng Chen

High-quality data is a key aspect of modern machine learning. However, labels generated by humans suffer from issues like label noise and class ambiguities. We raise the question of whether hard labels are sufficient to represent the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Vasco Grossmann , Lars Schmarje , Reinhard Koch

Backpropagation is the default learning rule for artificial neural networks and is often treated as the settled approach whenever differentiability is available. In this work, we revisit this convention through a theoretical lens of sample…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-28 Yibo Jacky Zhang , Zeyu Tang , Sanmi Koyejo