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Hate speech has become pervasive in today's digital age. Although there has been considerable research to detect hate speech or generate counter speech to combat hateful views, these approaches still cannot completely eliminate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Vibhor Agarwal , Yu Chen , Nishanth Sastry

We present a human-and-model-in-the-loop process for dynamically generating datasets and training better performing and more robust hate detection models. We provide a new dataset of ~40,000 entries, generated and labelled by trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Bertie Vidgen , Tristan Thrush , Zeerak Waseem , Douwe Kiela

Hate speech is commonly defined as any communication that disparages a target group of people based on some characteristic such as race, colour, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, nationality, religion, or other characteristic. Due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-13 Ona de Gibert , Naiara Perez , Aitor García-Pablos , Montse Cuadros

Online discussions, panels, talk page edits, etc., often contain harmful conversational content i.e., hate speech, death threats and offensive language, especially towards certain demographic groups. For example, individuals who identify as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Jamell Dacon , Harry Shomer , Shaylynn Crum-Dacon , Jiliang Tang

Internet memes have become a dominant method of communication; at the same time, however, they are also increasingly being used to advocate extremism and foster derogatory beliefs. Nonetheless, we do not have a firm understanding as to…

Technological advances in the Internet and online social networks have brought many benefits to humanity. At the same time, this growth has led to an increase in hate speech, the main global threat. To improve the reliability of black-box…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Ghislain Dorian Tchuente Mondjo

Hate speech is a widespread and harmful form of online discourse, encompassing slurs and defamatory posts that can have serious social, psychological, and sometimes physical impacts on targeted individuals and communities. As social media…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Santosh Chapagain , Shah Muhammad Hamdi , Soukaina Filali Boubrahimi

The ubiquity of offensive and hateful content on online fora necessitates the need for automatic solutions that detect such content competently across target groups. In this paper we show that text classification models trained on large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Darsh J Shah , Sinong Wang , Han Fang , Hao Ma , Luke Zettlemoyer

The proliferation of hate speech on social media is one of the serious issues that is bringing huge impacts to society: an escalation of violence, discrimination, and social fragmentation. The problem of detecting hate speech is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Anwar Hossain Zahid , Monoshi Kumar Roy , Swarna Das

As pointed out by several scholars, current research on hate speech (HS) recognition is characterized by unsystematic data creation strategies and diverging annotation schemata. Subsequently, supervised-learning models tend to generalize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Yiping Jin , Leo Wanner , Vishakha Laxman Kadam , Alexander Shvets

The proliferation of online hate speech poses a significant threat to the harmony of the web. While explicit hate is easily recognized through overt slurs, implicit hate speech is often conveyed through sarcasm, irony, stereotypes, or coded…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Chengshuai Zhao , Shu Wan , Paras Sheth , Karan Patwa , K. Selçuk Candan , Huan Liu

Hate speech frequently appears on social media platforms and urgently needs to be effectively controlled. Alleviating the bias caused by hate speech can help resolve various ethical issues. Although existing research has constructed several…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Hongyan Wu , Zhengming Chen , Zijian Li , Nankai Lin , Lianxi Wang , Shengyi Jiang , Aimin Yang

Language data and models demonstrate various types of bias, be it ethnic, religious, gender, or socioeconomic. AI/NLP models, when trained on the racially biased dataset, AI/NLP models instigate poor model explainability, influence user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Kinshuk Sengupta , Praveen Ranjan Srivastava

Deep learning based visual-linguistic multimodal models such as Contrastive Language Image Pre-training (CLIP) have become increasingly popular recently and are used within text-to-image generative models such as DALL-E and Stable…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Abhishek Mandal , Suzanne Little , Susan Leavy

Large Language Models (LLMs) have raised increasing concerns about their misuse in generating hate speech. Among all the efforts to address this issue, hate speech detectors play a crucial role. However, the effectiveness of different…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Xinyue Shen , Yixin Wu , Yiting Qu , Michael Backes , Savvas Zannettou , Yang Zhang

Large-scale web-scraped text corpora used to train general-purpose AI models often contain harmful demographic-targeted social biases, creating a regulatory need for data auditing and developing scalable bias-detection methods. Although…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Ayan Majumdar , Feihao Chen , Jinghui Li , Xiaozhen Wang

For subjective tasks such as hate detection, where people perceive hate differently, the Large Language Model's (LLM) ability to represent diverse groups is unclear. By including additional context in prompts, we comprehensively analyze…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Sarah Masud , Sahajpreet Singh , Viktor Hangya , Alexander Fraser , Tanmoy Chakraborty

To tackle the rising phenomenon of hate speech, efforts have been made towards data curation and analysis. When it comes to analysis of bias, previous work has focused predominantly on race. In our work, we further investigate bias in hate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-19 Antonis Maronikolakis , Philip Baader , Hinrich Schütze

The context-dependent nature of online aggression makes annotating large collections of data extremely difficult. Previously studied datasets in abusive language detection have been insufficient in size to efficiently train deep learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-31 Younghun Lee , Seunghyun Yoon , Kyomin Jung

Deep learning (DL) models are widely used to provide a more convenient and smarter life. However, biased algorithms will negatively influence us. For instance, groups targeted by biased algorithms will feel unfairly treated and even fearful…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Xuyang Shen , Jo Plested , Sabrina Caldwell , Tom Gedeon