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Language models based on the Transformer architecture achieve excellent results in many language-related tasks, such as text classification or sentiment analysis. However, despite the architecture of these models being well-defined, little…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Miguel López-Otal , Jorge Gracia , Jordi Bernad , Carlos Bobed , Lucía Pitarch-Ballesteros , Emma Anglés-Herrero

With the fast development of Machine Translation (MT) systems, especially the new boost from Neural MT (NMT) models, the MT output quality has reached a new level of accuracy. However, many researchers criticised that the current popular…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Lifeng Han

Annually, at the Conference of Machine Translation (WMT), the Metrics Shared Task organizers conduct the meta-evaluation of Machine Translation (MT) metrics, ranking them according to their correlation with human judgments. Their results…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Stefano Perrella , Lorenzo Proietti , Alessandro Scirè , Edoardo Barba , Roberto Navigli

The goal of conversational machine reading is to answer user questions given a knowledge base text which may require asking clarification questions. Existing approaches are limited in their decision making due to struggles in extracting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-24 Yifan Gao , Chien-Sheng Wu , Shafiq Joty , Caiming Xiong , Richard Socher , Irwin King , Michael R. Lyu , Steven C. H. Hoi

Neural machine translation (NMT) is often criticized for failures that happen without awareness. The lack of competency awareness makes NMT untrustworthy. This is in sharp contrast to human translators who give feedback or conduct further…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Pei Zhang , Baosong Yang , Haoran Wei , Dayiheng Liu , Kai Fan , Luo Si , Jun Xie

The field of transparent Machine Learning (ML) has contributed many novel methods aiming at better interpretability for computer vision and ML models in general. But how useful the explanations provided by transparent ML methods are for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-12 Felix Biessmann , Dionysius Irza Refiano

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in natural language processing. However, their internal mechanisms are still unclear and this lack of transparency poses unwanted risks for downstream applications.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Haiyan Zhao , Hanjie Chen , Fan Yang , Ninghao Liu , Huiqi Deng , Hengyi Cai , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Mengnan Du

The translation of pronouns presents a special challenge to machine translation to this day, since it often requires context outside the current sentence. Recent work on models that have access to information across sentence boundaries has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-07 Mathias Müller , Annette Rios , Elena Voita , Rico Sennrich

Current state-of-the-art Quality Estimation (QE) in machine translation relies on massive, proprietary LLMs, raising data privacy concerns. We demonstrate that smaller, open-source LLMs (<30B parameters) are a viable, cost-effective and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Kamil Guttmann , Zofia Fraś , Artur Nowakowski , Krzysztof Jassem

Automated metrics for Machine Translation have made significant progress, with the goal of replacing expensive and time-consuming human evaluations. These metrics are typically assessed by their correlation with human judgments, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Pius von Däniken , Jan Deriu , Mark Cieliebak

Automatic metrics are commonly used as the exclusive tool for declaring the superiority of one machine translation system's quality over another. The community choice of automatic metric guides research directions and industrial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Tom Kocmi , Christian Federmann , Roman Grundkiewicz , Marcin Junczys-Dowmunt , Hitokazu Matsushita , Arul Menezes

As transparency becomes key for robotics and AI, it will be necessary to evaluate the methods through which transparency is provided, including automatically generated natural language (NL) explanations. Here, we explore parallels between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Miruna Clinciu , Arash Eshghi , Helen Hastie

With the rapid development of deep learning technologies, the field of machine translation has witnessed significant progress, especially with the advent of large language models (LLMs) that have greatly propelled the advancement of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Jiaxin GUO , Xiaoyu Chen , Zhiqiang Rao , Jinlong Yang , Zongyao Li , Hengchao Shang , Daimeng Wei , Hao Yang

In this paper, we propose a new metric for Machine Translation (MT) evaluation, based on bi-directional entailment. We show that machine generated translation can be evaluated by determining paraphrasing with a reference translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Rakesh Khobragade , Heaven Patel , Anand Namdev , Anish Mishra , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Deep neural networks have been well-known for their superb handling of various machine learning and artificial intelligence tasks. However, due to their over-parameterized black-box nature, it is often difficult to understand the prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Xuhong Li , Haoyi Xiong , Xingjian Li , Xuanyu Wu , Xiao Zhang , Ji Liu , Jiang Bian , Dejing Dou

Machine translation (MT) plays an important role in benefiting linguists, sociologists, computer scientists, etc. by processing natural language to translate it into some other natural language. And this demand has grown exponentially over…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-01-07 Ankush Garg , Mayank Agarwal

The quality of machine translation systems has dramatically improved over the last decade, and as a result, evaluation has become an increasingly challenging problem. This paper describes our contribution to the WMT 2020 Metrics Shared…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Thibault Sellam , Amy Pu , Hyung Won Chung , Sebastian Gehrmann , Qijun Tan , Markus Freitag , Dipanjan Das , Ankur P. Parikh

Reference-free evaluation has the potential to make machine translation evaluation substantially more scalable, allowing us to pivot easily to new languages or domains. It has been recently shown that the probabilities given by a large,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Sweta Agrawal , George Foster , Markus Freitag , Colin Cherry

Machine Translation (MT) and automatic MT evaluation have improved dramatically in recent years, enabling numerous novel applications. Automatic evaluation techniques have evolved from producing scalar quality scores to precisely locating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Stefano Perrella , Eric Morales Agostinho , Hugo Zaragoza

This paper surveys evaluation techniques to enhance the trustworthiness and understanding of Large Language Models (LLMs). As reliance on LLMs grows, ensuring their reliability, fairness, and transparency is crucial. We explore algorithmic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Nik Bear Brown