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Military weapon systems and command-and-control infrastructure augmented by artificial intelligence (AI) have seen rapid development and deployment in recent years. However, the sociotechnical impacts of AI on combat systems, military…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Riley Simmons-Edler , Jean Dong , Paul Lushenko , Kanaka Rajan , Ryan P. Badman

Artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed various sectors and institutions, including education and healthcare. Although AI offers immense potential for innovation and problem solving, its integration also raises significant ethical…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-05 William Franz Lamberti

Artificial intelligence now decides who receives a loan, who is flagged for criminal investigation, and whether an autonomous vehicle brakes in time. Governments have responded: the EU AI Act, the NIST Risk Management Framework, and the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Natan Levy , Gadi Perl

As the range of potential uses for Artificial Intelligence (AI), in particular machine learning (ML), has increased, so has awareness of the associated ethical issues. This increased awareness has led to the realisation that existing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-02-19 Jessica Morley , Anat Elhalal , Francesca Garcia , Libby Kinsey , Jakob Mokander , Luciano Floridi

The proposed European Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) is the first attempt to elaborate a general legal framework for AI carried out by any major global economy. As such, the AIA is likely to become a point of reference in the larger…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Jakob Mokander , Maria Axente , Federico Casolari , Luciano Floridi

This paper examines the intricate interplay among AI safety, security, and governance by integrating technical systems engineering with principles of moral imagination and ethical philosophy. Drawing on foundational insights from Weapons of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-11 Krti Tallam

This report serves as an accessible guide to the emerging field of AI agent governance. Agents - AI systems that can autonomously achieve goals in the world, with little to no explicit human instruction about how to do so - are a major…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Jam Kraprayoon , Zoe Williams , Rida Fayyaz

Oversight and control, which we collectively call supervision, are often discussed as ways to ensure that AI systems are accountable, reliable, and able to fulfill governance and management requirements. However, the requirements for "human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 David Manheim , Aidan Homewood

We review key considerations, practices, and areas for future work aimed at the responsible development and fielding of AI technologies. We describe critical challenges and make recommendations on topics that should be given priority…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Eric Horvitz , Jessica Young , Rama G. Elluru , Chuck Howell

Across academia, industry, and government, ``AI'' has become central in research and development, regulatory debates, and promises of ever faster and more capable decision-making and action. In numerous domains, especially safety-critical…

Certainty around the regulatory environment is crucial to enable responsible AI innovation and foster the social acceptance of these powerful new technologies. One notable source of uncertainty is, however, that the existing legal liability…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Olivia J. Erdélyi , Gábor Erdélyi

The implementation of the AI Act requires practical mechanisms to verify compliance with legal obligations, yet concrete and operational mappings from high-level requirements to verifiable assessment activities remain limited, contributing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Alessio Buscemi , Tom Deckenbrunnen , Fahria Kabir , Kateryna Mishchenko , Nishat Mowla

Evaluating the safety of AI Systems is a pressing concern for organizations deploying them. In addition to the societal damage done by the lack of fairness of those systems, deployers are concerned about the legal repercussions and the…

A global challenge in artificial intelligence (AI) regulation lies in achieving effective risk management without compromising innovation and technical progress. The European Union (EU) Artificial Intelligence Act represents the first…

The impact of Artificial Intelligence does not depend only on fundamental research and technological developments, but for a large part on how these systems are introduced into society and used in everyday situations. AI is changing the way…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Virginia Dignum

Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly widespread in system development endeavors. As AI systems affect various stakeholders due to their unique nature, the growing influence of these systems calls for ethical considerations.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Ville Vakkuri , Kai-Kristian Kemell , Pekka Abrahamsson

The number and importance of AI-based systems in all domains is growing. With the pervasive use and the dependence on AI-based systems, the quality of these systems becomes essential for their practical usage. However, quality assurance for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Michael Felderer , Rudolf Ramler

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems increasingly assume consequential decision-making roles, a widening gap has emerged between technical capabilities and institutional accountability. Ethical guidance alone is insufficient to counter…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Byeong Ho Kang , Wenli Yang , Muhammad Bilal Amin

AI researchers employ not only the scientific method, but also methodology from mathematics and engineering. However, the use of the scientific method - specifically hypothesis testing - in AI is typically conducted in service of…

In this work-in-progress, we investigate the certification of AI systems, focusing on the practical application and limitations of existing certification catalogues in the light of the AI Act by attempting to certify a publicly available AI…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Gregor Autischer , Kerstin Waxnegger , Dominik Kowald