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In this dissertation, we explore the structure of inversion graphs of permutations--a class of graphs that naturally arises by representing each permutation as a graph, where vertices correspond to entries and edges encode inversions.…
As an alternative way of describing the cosmological velocity field, we discuss the evolution of rotational invariants constructed from the velocity gradient tensor. Compared with the traditional divergence-vorticity decomposition, these…
We study bases of the lattice generated by the cycles of an undirected graph, defined as the integer linear combinations of the 0/1-incidence vectors of cycles. We prove structural results for this lattice, including explicit formulas for…
We define ruling invariants for even-valence Legendrian graphs in standard contact three-space. We prove that rulings exist if and only if the DGA of the graph, introduced by the first two authors, has an augmentation. We set up the usual…
We generalize the scattering transform to graphs and consequently construct a convolutional neural network on graphs. We show that under certain conditions, any feature generated by such a network is approximately invariant to permutations…
We use planar 4-valent graphs and a graphical calculus involving such graphs to construct an invariant for balanced-oriented, knotted 4-valent graphs. Our invariant is an extension of the $sl(n)$ polynomial for classical knots and links. We…
Given a semisimple Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$, we can represent invariants of tensor products of fundamental representations of the quantum enveloping algebra $U_q(\mathfrak{g})$ using particular directed graphs called webs. In particular…
Three new graph invariants are introduced which may be measured from a quantum graph state and form examples of a framework under which other graph invariants can be constructed. Each invariant is based on distinguishing a different number…
We find an invariant characterization of planar webs of maximum rank. For 4-webs, we prove that a planar 4-web is of maximum rank three if and only if it is linearizable and its curvature vanishes. This result leads to the direct…
We present a unified framework to describe lattice gauge theories by means of tensor networks: this framework is efficient as it exploits the high amount of local symmetry content native of these systems describing only the gauge invariant…
The spaces of invariants of tensor powers of the defining representation of Sp(2n) are provided with the bases parametrized by symplectic wave graphs introduced here especially for this purpose. The proof utilizes a game similar to Tetris,…
We construct new invariants of equivariant birational isomorphisms taking values in equivariant Burnside groups.
Lie-theoretic structures of type $E_8$ (e.g., Lie groups and algebras, Hecke algebras and Kazhdan-Lusztig cells, ...) are considered to serve as a `gold standard' when it comes to judging the effectiveness of a general algorithm for solving…
We use machine learning to classify examples of braids (or flat braids) as trivial or non-trivial. Our ML takes form of supervised learning using neural networks (multilayer perceptrons). When they achieve good results in classification, we…
We introduce families of four-regular graphs consisting of chains of hourglasses which are attached to a finite kernel. We prove a formula for the $c_2$ invariant of these hourglass chains which only depends on the kernel. For different…
We introduce a novel class of rotation invariants of two dimensional curves based on iterated integrals. The invariants we present are in some sense complete and we describe an algorithm to calculate them, giving explicit computations up to…
We introduce new topological quantum invariants of compact oriented 3-manifolds with boundary where the boundary is a disjoint union of two identical surfaces. The invariants are constructed via surgery on manifolds of the form $F \times I$…
Graphs are one of the most important data structures for representing pairwise relations between objects. Specifically, a graph embedded in a Euclidean space is essential to solving real problems, such as physical simulations. A crucial…
The $q$--deformation $U_q (h_4)$ of the harmonic oscillator algebra is defined and proved to be a Ribbon Hopf algebra.Associated with this Hopf algebra we define an infinite dimensional braid group representation on the Hilbert space of the…
Finite order invariants (Vassiliev invariants) of knots are expressed in terms of weight systems, that is, functions on chord diagrams satisfying the four-term relations. Weight systems have graph analogues, so-called $4$-invariants of…