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Dynamical instabilities among giant planets are thought to be nearly ubiquitous, and culminate in the ejection of one or more planets into interstellar space. Here we perform N-body simulations of dynamical instabilities while accounting…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-28 Sean N. Raymond , Andre Izidoro , Nathan A. Kaib

The absolute magnitude and perihelion distributions of long-period comets are derived, using data from the Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR) survey. The results are surprising in three ways. Firstly, the flux of comets through…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 P. J. Francis

Although interstellar dust extinction serves as a powerful distance estimator, the solar system's location within the Galactic plane complicates distance determinations, especially for molecular clouds (MCs) at varying distances along the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-08-22 Shiyu Zhang , Yang Su , Xuepeng Chen , Min Fang , Fujun Du , Shaobo Zhang , Qing-Zeng Yan , Xin Liu , Miaomiao Zhang , Yan Sun , Ji Yang

High levels of dust have been detected in the immediate vicinity of many stars, both young and old. A promising scenario to explain the presence of this short-lived dust is that these analogues to the Zodiacal cloud (or exozodis) are…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-11-08 Virginie Faramaz , Steve Ertel , Mark Booth , Jorge Cuadra , Charlotte Simmonds

The abundance evolution of interstellar dust species originating from stellar sources and from condensation in molecular clouds in the local interstellar medium of the Milky Way is studied and the input of dust material to the Solar System…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Svitlana Zhukovska , Hans-Peter Gail , Mario Trieloff

Comets in the Oort cloud evolve under the influence of internal and external perturbations, such as giant planets, stellar passages, and the galactic tidal field. We aim to study the dynamical evolution of the comets in the Oort cloud,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-09-18 Santiago Torres , Maxwell X. Cai , A. G. A. Brown , S. Portegies Zwart

This article presents a review on the observations and theoretical modeling of the evaporation of extrasolar planets. The observations and the resulting constraints on the upper atmosphere (thermosphere and exosphere) of the "hot-Jupiters".…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2012-01-24 A. Lecavelier des Etangs

We review the current state of knowledge of the long-term evolution of the small bodies that give rise to comets and exocomets, as well as their reservoirs. The active cometary phase is only transitory, and bodies that become comets pass…

A sample of 27 sources, catalogued as pre-main sequence stars by the Pico dos Dias Survey (PDS), is analyzed to investigate a possible contamination by post-AGB stars. The far-infrared excess, due to dust present in the circumstellar…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Rodrigo G. Vieira , Jane Gregorio-Hetem , Annibal Hetem , Grażyna Stasińska , Ryszard Szczerba

Interstellar dust is a major foreground contaminant for many observations and a key component in the chemistry of the interstellar medium, yet its properties remain highly uncertain. Using low-resolution spectra, we accurately measure the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-07-23 Xiangyu Zhang , Gregory Green

Recent observations indicate that >99% of the small bodies in the Solar System reside in its outer reaches --- in the Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud. Kuiper Belt bodies are probably the best preserved representatives of the icy planetesimals…

Long-period comets observed in our solar system are believed to originate from the Oort cloud, which is estimated to extend from roughly a few thousand to $10^5$ AU from the Sun. Despite many theoretical arguments for its existence, no…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-06 Eric J. Baxter , Cullen H. Blake , Bhuvnesh Jain

Context. Three kilometer-sized interstellar objects (ISOs) have been detected transiting the Solar System, and spacecraft have directly measured micrometer-scale interstellar dust (ISD). Yet no intermediate-size interstellar meteoroids have…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-20 Eloy Peña-Asensio , Darryl Z. Seligman

The size distribution and total mass of objects in the Oort Cloud have important implications to the theory of planets formation, including the properties of, and the processes taking place in the early solar system. We discuss the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 Eran O. Ofek , Ehud Nakar

The discovery of the first two interstellar objects implies that, on average, every star contributes a substantial amount of material to the galactic population by ejecting such bodies from the host system. Since scattering is a chaotic…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-06 Darryl Z. Seligman , Juliette Becker , Fred C. Adams , Adina D. Feinstein , Leslie A. Rogers

Exozodiacal dust is warm or hot dust found in the inner regions of planetary systems orbiting main sequence stars, in or around their habitable zones. The dust can be the most luminous component of extrasolar planetary systems, but…

The discovery of 'Oumuamua (1I/2017 U1), the first interstellar interloper, suggests an abundance of free-floating small bodies whose ejection into galactic space cannot be explained by the current population of confirmed exoplanets.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-10-16 Malena Rice , Gregory Laughlin

We suggest that in the rare case of an Intermediate-Luminosity Optical Transient (ILOTs) event, evaporation of extra-solar Kuiper belt objects (ExtraKBOs) at distances of d ~ 500 - 10000AU from the ILOT can be detected. If the ILOT lasts…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-07-13 Ealeal Bear , Noam Soker

We run simulations to determine the expected distribution of orbital elements of nearly isotropic comets (NICs) in the outer solar system, assuming that these comets originate in the Oort Cloud at thousands of AU and are perturbed into the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-10-12 Kedron Silsbee , Scott Tremaine

The presence of minor bodies in exoplanetary systems is in most cases inferred through infra-red excesses, with the exception of exocomets. Even if over 35 years have passed since the first detection of exocomets around beta Pic, only ~ 25…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-24 Isabel Rebollido , Sebastian Zieba , Daniela Iglesias , Vincent Bourrier , Flavien Kiefer , Alain Lecavelier Des Etangs