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High-precision astrometry offers a promising approach to detect low-frequency gravitational waves, complementing pulsar timing array (PTA) observations. We explore the response of astrometric measurements to a stochastic gravitational wave…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-25 N. M. Jiménez Cruz , Ameek Malhotra , Gianmassimo Tasinato , Ivonne Zavala

The recently reported signal of common red noise between pulsars by several pulsar timing array collaborations has been thought as evidence of the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) due to the Helling-Downs correlation. In this…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-01-29 Jun-Qian Jiang , Yun-Song Piao

We present an analytic model to describe the supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) merger rate in the Universe with astrophysical observables: galaxy stellar mass function, pair fraction, merger timescale and black hole - host galaxy…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-07-25 Siyuan Chen , Alberto Sesana , Christopher J. Conselice

We perform searches for gravitational wave memory in the data of two major Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) experiments located in Europe and Australia. Supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) are the primary sources of gravitational waves in…

Bayesian methods for the detection of continuous gravitational waves (CGWs) in Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) data incur substantial computational costs that grow rapidly due to the number of noise and signal parameters characterizing the fitted…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-10 Yi-Qian Qian , Yan Wang , Soumya D. Mohanty , Siyuan Chen

Galaxy observations suggest that mergers of supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) are rare events, with rates of order one per decade across the observable Universe. We present a framework to search for merging SMBHBs in pulsar timing…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-17 Sharon Mary Tomson , Boris Goncharov , Rutger van Haasteren

Pulsar Timing Arrays are playing a crucial role in the ongoing gravitational wave astronomy revolution. The current evidence for a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) at nHz frequencies offers an opportunity to discover…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-07 Chiara Cecchini , Gabriele Franciolini , Mauro Pieroni

We study the formation of primordial black holes (PBHs) from the collapse of density perturbations induced by primordial gravitational waves (PGWs). The PGWs' interpretation of the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) detected by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-14 Utkarsh Kumar

We consider the sensitivity of the pulsar timing array (PTA) technique to specific kind of narrow-band stochastic signals in nano-Hz frequency range. Specifically, we examine the narrow-band signal produced by oscillating gravitational…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-04 Konstantin A. Postnov , Nataliya K. Porayko

The strong beams of high-frequency gravitational waves (GW) emitted by cusps and kinks of cosmic strings are studied in detail. As a consequence of these beams, the stochastic ensemble of GW's generated by a cosmological network of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Thibault Damour , Alexander Vilenkin

The circular polarization of the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) is a key observable for characterising the origin of the signal detected by Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) collaborations. Both the astrophysical and the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-10 N. M. Jiménez Cruz , Ameek Malhotra , Gianmassimo Tasinato , Ivonne Zavala

The degree of Gaussianity of a field offers insights into its cosmological nature, and its statistical properties serve as indicators of its Gaussianity. In this work, we examine the signatures of Gaussianity in a gravitational wave…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-10 Reginald Christian Bernardo , Stephen Appleby , Kin-Wang Ng

One of the imminent science goals of pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) is the detection of a continuous gravitational wave (CGW) emitted by an individual supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB). SMBHBs that cause CGWs with GW frequencies…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-02-18 Kathrin Grunthal , Nataliya Porayko , David J. Champion , Michael Kramer

We present projected constraints on the cosmic string tension, $G\mu/c^2$, that could be achieved by future gravitational wave detection experiments and express our results as semi-analytic relations of the form $G\mu(\Omega_{\rm…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 Sotirios A. Sanidas , Richard A. Battye , Benjamin W. Stappers

In this work, we propose a graph-based method implemented on the pulsar timing residuals (PTRs) for stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) detection within the nano-Hertz frequency regime and examining uncertainties of its…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-14 M. Alakhras , S. M. S. Movahed

We investigate gravitational-wave backgrounds (GWBs) of primordial origin that would manifest only at ultra-high frequencies, from kilohertz to 100 gigahertz, and leave no signal at either LIGO, Einstein Telescope, Cosmic Explorer, LISA, or…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-05-27 Géraldine Servant , Peera Simakachorn

Black holes, the simplest solution to Einstein's field equations, do not emit light, making their observations a major challenge for researchers. However, discovery of binary black holes (BBHs) in 2015 by LIGO has transformed the study of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-10 Ishan Swamy , Deobrat Singh

The NANOGrav, PPTA, EPTA, CPTA and MPTA collaborations have reported compelling evidence for the existence of the Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background (SGWB). This inferred background's amplitude and frequency spectrum align closely…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-08 Zhao-Qiang Shen , Guan-Wen Yuan , Yi-Ying Wang , Yuan-Zhu Wang , Yin-Jie Li , Yi-Zhong Fan

Recent observations by pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) such as NANOGrav, EPTA, PPTA, and CPTA suggest the presence of nanohertz stochastic gravitational wave background (GWB). While such signals could be explained by gravitational waves from a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-31 Yifan Hu , Kohei Kamada