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Related papers: Training Transformers with 4-bit Integers

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Researches on deep neural networks with discrete parameters and their deployment in embedded systems have been active and promising topics. Although previous works have successfully reduced precision in inference, transferring both training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-14 Shuang Wu , Guoqi Li , Feng Chen , Luping Shi

The computational overhead of Vision Transformers in practice stems fundamentally from their deep architectures, yet existing acceleration strategies have primarily targeted algorithmic-level optimizations such as token pruning and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Chengwei Zhou , Vipin Chaudhary , Gourav Datta

Innovations in neural architectures have fostered significant breakthroughs in language modeling and computer vision. Unfortunately, novel architectures often result in challenging hyper-parameter choices and training instability if the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Chen Zhu , Renkun Ni , Zheng Xu , Kezhi Kong , W. Ronny Huang , Tom Goldstein

Diffusion transformers have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in generating videos. However, their practical deployment is severely constrained by high memory usage and computational cost. Post-Training Quantization provides a practical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Rundong Su , Jintao Zhang , Zhihang Yuan , Haojie Duanmu , Jianfei Chen , Jun Zhu

Transformer-based neural models are used in many AI applications. Training these models is expensive, as it takes huge GPU resources and long duration. It is challenging because typical data like sentences have variable lengths, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Xiaohui Wang , Yang Wei , Ying Xiong , Guyue Huang , Xian Qian , Yufei Ding , Mingxuan Wang , Lei Li

We present unit scaling, a paradigm for designing deep learning models that simplifies the use of low-precision number formats. Training in FP16 or the recently proposed FP8 formats offers substantial efficiency gains, but can lack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Charlie Blake , Douglas Orr , Carlo Luschi

The gradients used to train neural networks are typically computed using backpropagation. While an efficient way to obtain exact gradients, backpropagation is computationally expensive, hinders parallelization, and is biologically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Katharina Flügel , Daniel Coquelin , Marie Weiel , Charlotte Debus , Achim Streit , Markus Götz

Enforcing orthonormal or isometric property for the weight matrices has been shown to enhance the training of deep neural networks by mitigating gradient exploding/vanishing and increasing the robustness of the learned networks. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Zhen Qin , Xuwei Tan , Zhihui Zhu

Transformers have become the standard in state-of-the-art vision architectures, achieving impressive performance on both image-level and dense pixelwise tasks. However, training vision transformers for high-resolution pixelwise tasks has a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Vincent Leroy , Jerome Revaud , Thomas Lucas , Philippe Weinzaepfel

The training for deep neural networks (DNNs) demands immense energy consumption, which restricts the development of deep learning as well as increases carbon emissions. Thus, the study of energy-efficient training for DNNs is essential. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Chang Liu , Rui Zhang , Xishan Zhang , Yifan Hao , Zidong Du , Xing Hu , Ling Li , Qi Guo

Resource-constrained robotic platforms are particularly useful for tasks that require low-cost hardware alternatives due to the risk of losing the robot, like in search-and-rescue applications, or the need for a large number of devices,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Orhan Eren Akgün , Néstor Cuevas , Matheus Farias , Daniel Garces

Quantized Neural Networks (QNNs) are often used to improve network efficiency during the inference phase, i.e. after the network has been trained. Extensive research in the field suggests many different quantization schemes. Still, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-19 Ron Banner , Itay Hubara , Elad Hoffer , Daniel Soudry

Fully quantized training (FQT), which uses low-bitwidth hardware by quantizing the activations, weights, and gradients of a neural network model, is a promising approach to accelerate the training of deep neural networks. One major…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Jianfei Chen , Yu Gai , Zhewei Yao , Michael W. Mahoney , Joseph E. Gonzalez

State-of-the-art training algorithms for deep learning models are based on stochastic gradient descent (SGD). Recently, many variations have been explored: perturbing parameters for better accuracy (such as in Extragradient), limiting SGD…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Amirkeivan Mohtashami , Martin Jaggi , Sebastian U. Stich

In the field of deep learning, the prevalence of models initially trained with 32-bit precision is a testament to its robustness and accuracy. However, the continuous evolution of these models often demands further training, which can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Juyoung Yun

Post-training quantization (PTQ) of transformers is known to suffer from severe accuracy degradation due to structured activation outliers, as originally analyzed by Bondarenko et al. (EMNLP 2021) in work associated with Qualcomm AI…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Pranav Kumar Kaliaperumal

Large Language Models (LLMs) are proficient in natural language processing tasks, but their deployment is often restricted by extensive parameter sizes and computational demands. This paper focuses on post-training quantization (PTQ) in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Janghwan Lee , Minsoo Kim , Seungcheol Baek , Seok Joong Hwang , Wonyong Sung , Jungwook Choi

Diffractive optical information processors have demonstrated significant promise in delivering high-speed, parallel, and energy efficient inference for scaling machine learning tasks. Training, however, remains a major computational…

Optics · Physics 2025-06-27 Manon P. Bart , Nick Sparks , Ryan T. Glasser

This paper investigates whether sequence models can learn to perform numerical algorithms, e.g. gradient descent, on the fundamental problem of least squares. Our goal is to inherit two properties of standard algorithms from numerical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Jerry Liu , Jessica Grogan , Owen Dugan , Ashish Rao , Simran Arora , Atri Rudra , Christopher Ré

GEneral Matrix Multiply (GEMM) is a central operation in deep learning and corresponds to the largest chunk of the compute footprint. Therefore, improving its efficiency is an active topic of ongoing research. A popular strategy is the use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Zhanpeng Zeng , Karthikeyan Sankaralingam , Vikas Singh