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Non-reciprocity in the critical current has been observed in a variety of superconducting systems and has been called the superconducting diode effect. The origin underlying the effect depends on the symmetry breaking mechanisms at play. We…

Nonreciprocal transport is generally observed in superconductors in which time reversal and inversion symmetries are simultaneously broken. This effect, which may become one of the backbones for future superconducting electronics, arises…

Nonreciprocal transport refers to charge transfer processes that are sensitive to the bias polarity. Until recently, nonreciprocal transport was studied only in dissipative systems, where the nonreciprocal quantity is the resistance. Recent…

The diode effect is fundamental to electronic devices and is widely used in rectifiers and AC-DC converters. At low temperatures, however, conventional semiconductor diodes possess a high resistivity, which yields energy loss and heating…

We report a gate-tunable Josephson diode effect in hybrid nanowire junctions consisting of a spin-orbit-coupled semiconductor core coated with epitaxial ferromagnetic insulator and superconductor shells. The wires display a hysteretic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-08-19 Sjoerd Telkamp , Junting Zhao , Saulius Vaitiekėnas

Diode is one of basic electronic components. It has a nonreciprocal current response, associated with a broken space/time reversal symmetry. Here we demonstrate prototypes of superconducting diodes operational at zero magnetic field. They…

Superconductivity · Physics 2022-08-02 T. Golod , V. M. Krasnov

We propose a realization of the superconducting diode effect in flux biased superconducting circuits of Josephson junctions. So far the observation of the superconducting diode effect has been limited to rather exotic material platforms. In…

Superconductivity · Physics 2022-12-07 Rafael Haenel , Oguzhan Can

We have fabricated disordered superconducting nanowires of molybdenium silicide. A molybdenium nanowire is first deposited on top of silicon, and the alloy is formed by rapid thermal annealing. The method allows tuning of the crystal growth…

Superconductivity · Physics 2017-12-06 J. S. Lehtinen , A. Kemppinen , E. Mykkänen , M. Prunnila , A. J. Manninen

Superconducting diodes are proposed non-reciprocal circuit elements that should exhibit non-dissipative transport in one direction while being resistive in the opposite direction. Multiple examples of such devices have emerged in the past…

The superconducting diode effect (SDE) is defined by the difference in the magnitude of critical currents applied in opposite directions. It has been observed in various superconducting systems and attracted high research interests.…

Superconductivity · Physics 2025-01-10 Shichao Qi , Jun Ge , Chengcheng Ji , Yiwen Ai , Gaoxing Ma , Ziqiao Wang , Zihan Cui , Yi Liu , Ziqiang Wang , Jian Wang

A Josephson diode passes current with zero resistance in one direction but is resistive in the other direction. While such an effect has been observed in several platforms, a large and tunable Josephson diode effect has been rare. Here we…

The critical current of a superconductor can depend on the direction of current flow due to magnetochiral anisotropy when both inversion and time-reversal symmetry are broken, an effect known as the superconducting (SC) diode effect. Here,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-09-21 Henry F. Legg , Daniel Loss , Jelena Klinovaja

The superconducting diode effect (SDE) refers to the non-reciprocal nature of the critical current (maximum current that a superconductor can withstand before turning into a normal metal) of a superconducting device. Here, we investigate…

Superconductivity · Physics 2025-06-24 Sayak Bhowmik , Dibyendu Samanta , Ashis K. Nandy , Arijit Saha , Sudeep Kumar Ghosh

Non-reciprocal electronic transport in a material occurs if both time reversal and inversion symmetries are broken. The superconducting diode effect (SDE) is an exotic manifestation of this type of behavior where the critical current for…

Superconductivity · Physics 2023-10-19 M. S. Anwar , T. Nakamura , R. Ishiguro , S. Arif , J. W. A. Robinson , S. Yonezawa , M. Sigrist , Y. Maeno

Semiconductor nanostructures hold great promise for high-efficiency waste heat recovery exploiting thermoelectric energy conversion, a technological breakthrough that could significantly contribute to providing environmentally friendly…

We study charge transport in voltage-biased single-channel junctions involving helical superconductors with finite Cooper pair momentum. For a Josephson junction, the equilibrium current-phase relation shows a superconducting diode effect:…

Superconductivity · Physics 2024-07-08 A. Zazunov , J. Rech , T. Jonckheere , B. Grémaud , T. Martin , R. Egger

Nanoscale superconductor-semiconductor hybrid devices are assembled from InAs semiconductor nanowires individually contacted by aluminum-based superconductor electrodes. Below 1 K, the high transparency of the contacts gives rise to…

As quantum technologies advance, a fundamental challenge is mitigating noise and backscattering in superconducting circuits to achieve scalable, high-fidelity operations. Conventional superconducting components lack directionality, causing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-23 Han Zhong , Denis Kochan , Igor Zutic , Yingying Wu

Two-dimensional (2D) superconductors, characterized by their inherent quantum confinement, strong spin-orbit coupling, and diverse forms of symmetry breaking, provide an ideal platform for exploring novel quantum transport phenomena. This…

Superconductivity · Physics 2026-03-03 Xingrong Ren , Huiqing Ye , Tian Le

We report on a new type of rectifier which is in full contact equilibrium and thus, if down-sized to the nanoscale, shows no drift even if exposed to elevated temperatures and/or extreme waiting times. This is in contrast to existing diodes…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-05-01 Chuanlian Xiao , Joachim Maier