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Almost all robotic systems in use have hard shells, which is limiting in many ways their full potential of physical interaction with humans or their surrounding environment. Robots with soft-shell covers offer an alternative morphology…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-15 Yukiko Osawa , Yuho Kinbara , Masakazu Kageoka , Kenji Iida , Abderrahmane Kheddar

This paper describes a novel amphibious robot, which adopts a dual-swing-legs propulsion mechanism, proposing a new locomotion mode. The robot is called FroBot, since its structure and locomotion are similar to frogs. Our inspiration comes…

Robotics · Computer Science 2015-09-22 Yang Yi , Zhou Geng , Zhang Jianqing , Cheng Siyuan , Fu Mengyin

Purpose of Review: As new technological advancements are made, humanoid robots that utilise them are being designed and manufactured. For optimal design choices, a broad overview with insight on the advantages and disadvantages of available…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Grzegorz Ficht , Sven Behnke

The kinematic features of a centaur-type humanoid platform, combined with a powerful actuation, enable the experimentation of a variety of agile and dynamic motions. However, the higher number of degrees-of-freedom and the increased weight…

Bipedal walking is one of the most important hallmarks of human that robots have been trying to mimic for many decades. Although previous control methodologies have achieved robot walking on some terrains, there is a need for a framework…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Chrysostomos Karakasis , Ioannis Poulakakis , Panagiotis Artemiadis

This paper explores the design strategies for hybrid pole- or trunk-climbing robots, focusing on methods to inform design decisions and assess metrics such as adaptability and performance. A wheeled-grasping hybrid robot with modular,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Ryan Poon , Ian Hunter

Wheel-legged robots combine the advantages of both wheeled robots and legged robots, offering versatile locomotion capabilities with excellent stability on challenging terrains and high efficiency on flat surfaces. However, existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yinglei Zhu , Sixiao He , Yan Ning , Zhenghao Qi , Zhuoyuan Yong , Yihua Qin , Jianyu Chen

The capability of effectively moving on complex terrains such as sand and gravel can empower our robots to robustly operate in outdoor environments, and assist with critical tasks such as environment monitoring, search-and-rescue, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Xingjue Liao , Wenhao Liu , Hao Wu , Feifei Qian

Inspired by the vertebrate branch of the animal kingdom, articulated soft robots are robotic systems embedding elastic elements into a classic rigid (skeleton-like) structure. Leveraging on their bodies elasticity, soft robots promise to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Cosimo Della Santina , Dominic Lakatos , Antonio Bicchi , Alin Albu-Schäffer

Legged robots have achieved impressive feats in dynamic locomotion in challenging unstructured terrain. However, in entertainment applications, the design and control of these robots face additional challenges in appealing to human…

Animals can finely modulate their leg stiffness to interact with complex terrains and absorb sudden shocks. In feats like leaping and sprinting, animals demonstrate a sophisticated interplay of opposing muscle pairs that actively modulate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Erik Mortensen , Jan Petrs , Alexander Dittrich , Dario Floreano

Achieving stable bipedal walking on surfaces with unknown motion remains a challenging control problem due to the hybrid, time-varying, partially unknown dynamics of the robot and the difficulty of accurate state and surface motion…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Jacob Stewart , I-Chia Chang , Yan Gu , Petros A. Ioannou

Soft robotic actuators can simplify the design of controllers when operating in contact-rich environments. Importantly, their passive compliance fundamentally alters contact mechanics by smoothing impacts and distributing forces over large…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Curtis C. Johnson , Andrew Clawson , Marc D. Killpack

Multimodal locomotion capability is an emerging topic in robotics field, and various novel mobile robots have been developed to enable the maneuvering in both terrestrial and aerial domains. Among these hybrid robots, several…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-01-11 Moju Zhao , Tomoki Anzai , Takuzumi Nishio

Continuum robots have gained widespread popularity due to their inherent compliance and flexibility, particularly their adjustable levels of stiffness for various application scenarios. Despite efforts to dynamic modeling and control…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Bowen Yi , Yeman Fan , Dikai Liu , Jose Guadalupe Romero

Many animals, modern aircraft, and underwater vehicles use streamlined body shapes that reduce fluid dynamic drag to achieve fast and effective locomotion in air and water. Similarly, numerous small terrestrial animals move through…

Biological Physics · Physics 2025-09-16 Chen Li , Andrew O. Pullin , Duncan W. Haldane , Han K. Lam , Ronald S. Fearing , Robert J. Full

During co-manipulation involving humans and robots, it is necessary to base robot controllers on human behaviors to achieve comfortable and coordinated movement between the human-robot dyad. In this paper, we describe an experiment between…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-02-03 Erich A. Mielke , Eric C. Townsend , Marc D. Killpack

In this paper, we propose a novel design of a hybrid mobile robot with controllable stiffness and deformable shape. Compared to conventional mobile agents, our system can switch between rigid and compliant phases by solidifying or melting…

Bio-inspired walking hexapod robots are a relatively young branch in robotics in both state of the art and applications. Despite their high degree of flexibility and adaptability derived by their redundant design, the research field that…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Marco Zangrandi , Stefano Arrigoni , Francesco Braghin

Swing arms have an irreplaceable role in promoting highly dynamic locomotion on bipedal robots by a larger angular momentum control space from the viewpoint of biomechanics. Few bipedal robots utilize swing arms and its redundancy…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Weijie Wang , Song Liu , Qinfeng Shan , Lihao Jia