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Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has emerged as a useful approach to solving decentralised decision-making problems at scale. Research in the field has been growing steadily with many breakthrough algorithms proposed in recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Rihab Gorsane , Omayma Mahjoub , Ruan de Kock , Roland Dubb , Siddarth Singh , Arnu Pretorius

As the significance of understanding the cause-and-effect relationships among variables increases in the development of modern systems and algorithms, learning causality from observational data has become a preferred and efficient approach…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Xiaoxuan Li , Yao Liu , Ruoyu Wang , Lina Yao

Although Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is effective for complex multi-robot tasks, it suffers from low sample efficiency and requires iterative manual reward tuning. Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Guobin Zhu , Rui Zhou , Wenkang Ji , Shiyu Zhao

Multi-agent systems have evolved into practical LLM-driven collaborators for many applications, gaining robustness from diversity and cross-checking. However, multi-agent RL (MARL) training is resource-intensive and unstable: co-adapting…

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) considers settings in which a set of coexisting agents interact with one another and their environment. The adaptation and learning of other agents induces non-stationarity in the environment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Ian Davies , Zheng Tian , Jun Wang

In tabular multi-agent reinforcement learning with average-cost criterion, a team of agents sequentially interacts with the environment and observes local incentives. We focus on the case that the global reward is a sum of local rewards,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-26 Alec Koppel , Amrit Singh Bedi , Bhargav Ganguly , Vaneet Aggarwal

The creation and destruction of agents in cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is a critically under-explored area of research. Current MARL algorithms often assume that the number of agents within a group remains fixed…

While LLMs exhibit impressive fluency and factual recall, they struggle with robust causal reasoning, often relying on spurious correlations and brittle patterns. Similarly, traditional Reinforcement Learning agents also lack causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Abi Aryan , Zac Liu

Climate policy development faces significant challenges due to deep uncertainty, complex system dynamics, and competing stakeholder interests. Climate simulation methods, such as Earth System Models, have become valuable tools for policy…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-11 James Rudd-Jones , Mirco Musolesi , María Pérez-Ortiz

The necessity for cooperation among intelligent machines has popularised cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) in the artificial intelligence (AI) research community. However, many research endeavors have been focused on…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Jakub Grudzien Kuba , Xidong Feng , Shiyao Ding , Hao Dong , Jun Wang , Yaodong Yang

We address the challenge of learning factored policies in cooperative MARL scenarios. In particular, we consider the situation in which a team of agents collaborates to optimize a common cost. The goal is to obtain factored policies that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-28 Lucas Cassano , Ali H. Sayed

Autonomous exploration in complex multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) with sparse rewards critically depends on providing agents with effective intrinsic motivation. While artificial curiosity offers a powerful self-supervised signal,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Yiyuan Pan , Zhe Liu , Hesheng Wang

We study multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) in a stochastic network of agents. The objective is to find localized policies that maximize the (discounted) global reward. In general, scalability is a challenge in this setting because…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Yiheng Lin , Guannan Qu , Longbo Huang , Adam Wierman

Offline multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) aims to learn effective multi-agent policies from pre-collected datasets, which is an important step toward the deployment of multi-agent systems in real-world applications. However, in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Qi Tian , Kun Kuang , Furui Liu , Baoxiang Wang

Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) necessitates seamless collaboration among agents, often represented by an underlying relation graph. Existing methods for learning this graph primarily focus on agent-pair relations,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Wei Duan , Jie Lu , Junyu Xuan

Standard cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) methods aim to find the optimal team cooperative policy to complete a task. However there may exist multiple different ways of cooperating, which usually are very needed by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Mingxi Tan , Andong Tian , Ludovic Denoyer

In this paper, we study the cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) problems using Reward Machines (RMs) to specify the reward functions such that the prior knowledge of high-level events in a task can be leveraged to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Xuejing Zheng , Chao Yu

Cooperative multi-agent learning plays a crucial role for developing effective strategies to achieve individual or shared objectives in multi-agent teams. In real-world settings, agents may face unexpected failures, such as a robot's leg…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Yasin Findik , Hunter Hasenfus , Reza Azadeh

Decentralized cooperative multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MARL) can be a versatile learning framework, particularly in scenarios where centralized training is either not possible or not practical. One of the critical challenges in…

Real-world multi-agent tasks usually involve dynamic team composition with the emergence of roles, which should also be a key to efficient cooperation in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). Drawing inspiration from the correlation…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Zican Hu , Zongzhang Zhang , Huaxiong Li , Chunlin Chen , Hongyu Ding , Zhi Wang
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