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The Solar Cycle is reviewed. The 11-year cycle of solar activity is characterized by the rise and fall in the numbers and surface area of sunspots. A number of other solar activity indicators also vary in association with the sunspots…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-10-01 David H. Hathaway

Solar activities have a great impact on modern high-tech systems, such as human aerospace, satellite communication and navigation, deep space exploration, and related scientific research. Therefore, studying the long - term evolution trend…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-21 Peixin Luo , Baolin Tan

Solar cycle activity forecasting, mainly its magnitude and timing, is an essential issue for numerous scientific and technological applications: in fact, during an active solar period, many strong eruptions occur on the Sun with increasing…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2012-10-01 Stefano Sello

The solar magnetic field, thought to be generated by the motion of plasma within the Sun, alternates on the order of 11-year cycles and is incompletely understood. Industries rely on accurate forecasts of solar activity, but can solar…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-20 Floe Foxon

Further development of the work of Obridko et al. [1] based on recent data confirms the assumption that the 25th cycle of solar activity is a medium-low cycle. Its height is expected to be $125.2\pm5.6$, and the expected date of the maximum…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-13 V. N. Obridko , D. D. Sokoloff , M. M. Katsova

Through meticulous daily observation of the Sun's large-scale magnetic field the Wilcox Solar Observatory (WSO) has catalogued two magnetic (Hale) cycles of solar activity. Those two (~22-year long) Hale cycles have yielded four…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-15 Scott W. McIntosh , Phillip H. Scherrer , Leif Svalgaard , Robert J. Leamon

The solar magnetic activity cycle is responsible for periodic episodes of severe space weather, which can perturb satellite orbits, interfere with communications systems, and bring down power grids. Much progress has recently been made in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 T. S. Metcalfe , T. J. Henry , M. Knolker , D. R. Soderblom

Solar variability occurs over a broad range of spatial and temporal scales, from the Sun's brightening over its lifetime to the fluctuations commonly associated with magnetic activity over minutes to years. The latter activity includes most…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-11-24 Valentina Penza , Francesco Berrilli , Luca Bertello , Matteo Cantoresi , Serena Criscuoli

The Sun's activity cycle governs the radiation, particle and magnetic flux in the heliosphere creating hazardous space weather. Decadal-scale variations define space climate and force the Earth's atmosphere. However, predicting the solar…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-09-11 Prantika Bhowmik , Dibyendu Nandy

The prediction of the evolution of individual solar cycles is a developing field, faced with divergence of forecasts even for a few years in the future. Specifically for solar flares, long-term modeling is practically absent even in rough…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-30 Eleni Petrakou

After decades of effort, the solar activity cycle is exceptionally well characterized but it remains poorly understood. Pioneering work at the Mount Wilson Observatory demonstrated that other sun-like stars also show regular activity…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-09-01 Travis S. Metcalfe , Jennifer van Saders

Solar activity cycle varies in amplitude. The last Cycle 24 is the weakest in the past century. Sun's activity dominates Earth's space environment. The frequency and intensity of the Sun's activity are accordant with the solar cycle. Hence…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-16 Wei Guo , Jie Jiang , Jing-Xiu Wang

We present a comprehensive analysis of Solar Cycle 25 aimed at precisely constraining the interval of its activity maximum using multiple observational parameters: sunspot number (SSN), Wolf number, the 10.7 cm solar radio flux (F10.7), the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-24 Homer Dávila Gutiérrez

The Sun provides the energy necessary to sustain our existence. While the Sun provides for us, it is also capable of taking away. The weather and climatic scales of solar evolution and the Sun-Earth connection are not well understood. There…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 Scott W. McIntosh , Robert J. Leamon

We investigate the occurrence of the "extended solar cycle" (ESC) as it occurs in a host observational data spanning 140 years. Investigating coronal, chromospheric, photospheric and interior diagnostics we develop a consistent picture of…

The level of solar magnetic activity, as exemplified by the number of sunspots and by energetic events in the corona, varies on a wide range of time scales. Most prominent is the 11-year solar cycle, which is significantly modulated on…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-07-26 Robert Cameron , Manfred Schüssler

Manned Mars missions planned in the near future of very low solar activity period and hence higher than acceptable radiation doses due mainly to the Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR), would require special techniques and technological development…

Space Physics · Physics 2022-02-02 Nagaraja Kamsali , S. C. Chakravarty , Praveen Kumar Basuvaraj

We investigate solar activity by focusing on double maxima in solar cycles and try to estimate the shape of the current solar cycle (Cycle 24) during its maximum. We analyzed data for Solar Cycle 24 by using Learmonth Solar Observatory…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2013-09-04 Ali Kilcik , Atila Ozguc

The use of different solar activity indices like sunspot numbers, sunspot areas, flare index, magnetic fields, etc., allows us to investigate the time evolution of some specific features of the solar activity and the underlying dynamo…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2013-10-11 Stefano Sello
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