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We analyze the complexity of synthesizing random states and unitary operators in a multi-qudit system in two paradigms. In one case, we consider the situation in which we manipulate the system by applying a sequence of one- and two-qudit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-11 Sahel Ashhab , Bora Basyildiz

Complex numbers are central to the formulation of quantum mechanics, yet their role as a genuine resource is only beginning to be understood. In this work, we demonstrate that quantum states with intrinsically complex amplitudes provide a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-09 Subrata Bera , Indranil Biswas , Atanu Bhunia , Indrani Chattopadhyay , Debasis Sarkar

Uniformly random unitaries, i.e. unitaries drawn from the Haar measure, have many useful properties, but cannot be implemented efficiently. This has motivated a long line of research into random unitaries that "look" sufficiently Haar…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-22 Tony Metger , Alexander Poremba , Makrand Sinha , Henry Yuen

Quantum superposition says that any physical system simultaneously exists in all of its possible states, the number of which is exponential in the number of entities composing the system. The strength of presence of each possible state in…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-07-19 Gerard J. Rinkus

We present a no-go theorem for the distinguishability between quantum random numbers (i.e., random numbers generated quantum mechanically) and pseudo-random numbers (i.e., random numbers generated algorithmically). The theorem states that…

Successful implementations of quantum technologies require protocols and algorithms that use as few quantum resources as possible. However, many important quantum operations, such as continuous rotation gates in quantum computing or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-09 Bálint Koczor

A candidate application for quantum computers is to simulate the low-temperature properties of quantum systems. For this task, there is a well-studied quantum algorithm that performs quantum phase estimation on an initial trial state that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-04 Chi-Fang , Chen , Alexander M. Dalzell , Mario Berta , Fernando G. S. L. Brandão , Joel A. Tropp

Quantum computing is transitioning from experimental prototypes to commercially available turnkey systems, making architecture-agnostic performance metrics essential for cross-platform comparison. Peaked Random Circuits (PRCs) have recently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Martin Brieger , Florian Krötz , Minh Chung , Dieter Kranzlmüller

Extracting information efficiently from quantum systems is a major component of quantum information processing tasks. Randomized measurements, or classical shadows, enable predicting many properties of arbitrary quantum states using few…

The fundamental principles of quantum mechanics, such as its probabilistic nature, allow for the theoretical ability of quantum computers to generate statistically random numbers, as opposed to classical computers which are only able to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-24 Owen Root , Maria Becker

This paper explores the development and viability of an alternative pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) that leverages the chaotic dynamics of multiple pendulum systems. Some traditional PRNGs, notably the one implemented in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Matthew Sigit

Pusey, Barrett and Rudolph (PBR) have recently given a completely novel argument that restricts the class of possible models for quantum phenomena (arXiv:1111.3328). In these notes the assumptions used by PBR are considerably weakened, to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-29 Michael J. W. Hall

Quantum state purification is the functionality that, given multiple copies of an unknown state, outputs a state with increased purity. This will be an essential building block for near- and middle-term quantum ecosystems before the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-14 Bo Yang , Elham Kashefi , Dominik Leichtle , Harold Ollivier

Quantum Key Distribution(QKD) thrives to achieve perfect secrecy of One time Pad (OTP) through quantum processes. One of the crucial components of QKD are Quantum Random Number Generators(QRNG) for generation of keys. Unfortunately, these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Arun Mishra , Kanaka Raju Pandiri , Anupama Arjun Pandit , Lucy Sharma

Demonstrating quantum supremacy, a complexity-guaranteed quantum advantage against over the best classical algorithms by using less universal quantum devices, is an important near-term milestone for quantum information processing. Here we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-13 Keisuke Fujii

We show how to construct pseudorandom permutations (PRPs) that remain secure even if the adversary can query the permutation, both in the forward and reverse directions, on a quantum superposition of inputs. Such quantum-secure PRPs have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Mark Zhandry

We show that quantum algorithms of time $T$ and space $S\ge \log T$ with unitary operations and intermediate measurements can be simulated by quantum algorithms of time $T \cdot \mathrm{poly} (S)$ and space $ {O}(S\cdot \log T)$ with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-31 Uma Girish , Ran Raz

Pseudo-random number generators (PRNGs) are widely used in modern computing and are expected to exhibit excellent statistical performance and repeatability. This study evaluates and compares modern PRNGs used in high performance computing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Théau Wartel , David R. C. Hill

Quantum computers promise significant speedups in solving problems intractable for conventional computers but, despite recent progress, remain limited in scaling and availability. Therefore, quantum software and hardware development heavily…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-08 Stefan Hillmich , Igor L. Markov , Robert Wille

Which quantum states minimise the unavoidable uncertainty arising from the non-commutativity of two observables? The immediate answer to such a question is: it depends. Due to the plethora of uncertainty measures there are many answers.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-07-06 Kamil Korzekwa , Matteo Lostaglio