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Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) represent a new paradigm for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) by integrating physical laws into the learning process of neural networks. However, ensuring that such frameworks fully…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Nanxi Chen , Sifan Wang , Rujin Ma , Airong Chen , Chuanjie Cui

Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (NODEs) are a new class of models that transform data continuously through infinite-depth architectures. The continuous nature of NODEs has made them particularly suitable for learning the dynamics of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Alexander Norcliffe , Cristian Bodnar , Ben Day , Nikola Simidjievski , Pietro Liò

In typical machine learning tasks and applications, it is necessary to obtain or create large labeled datasets in order to to achieve high performance. Unfortunately, large labeled datasets are not always available and can be expensive to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-08-23 Rishi Sharma , Amir Barati Farimani , Joe Gomes , Peter Eastman , Vijay Pande

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a promising approach to solving partial differential equations (PDEs) using neural networks, particularly in data-scarce scenarios, due to their unsupervised training capability.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Edgar Torres , Jonathan Schiefer , Mathias Niepert

PDEs arise ubiquitously in science and engineering, where solutions depend on parameters (physical properties, boundary conditions, geometry). Traditional numerical methods require re-solving the PDE for each parameter, making parameter…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-02 Zhuo Zhang , Xiong Xiong , Sen Zhang , Yuan Zhao , Xi Yang

Continuous deep learning architectures enable learning of flexible probabilistic models for predictive modeling as neural ordinary differential equations (ODEs), and for generative modeling as continuous normalizing flows. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Lucas Liebenwein , Ramin Hasani , Alexander Amini , Daniela Rus

Understanding the inner workings of neural networks, including transformers, remains one of the most challenging puzzles in machine learning. This study introduces a novel approach by applying the principles of gauge symmetries, a key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Koji Hashimoto , Yuji Hirono , Akiyoshi Sannai

Interpreting the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of astrophysical objects with physically motivated models is computationally expensive. These models require solving coupled differential equations in high-dimensional parameter spaces,…

Neural ordinary differential equations (Neural ODEs) are an effective framework for learning dynamical systems from irregularly sampled time series data. These models provide a continuous-time latent representation of the underlying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Edward De Brouwer , Rahul G. Krishnan

This short, self-contained article seeks to introduce and survey continuous-time deep learning approaches that are based on neural ordinary differential equations (neural ODEs). It primarily targets readers familiar with ordinary and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Lars Ruthotto

Solution of Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) model of dynamical system may not agree with its observed values. Often this discrepancy can be attributed to unmodeled forcings in the evolution rule of the dynamical system. In this…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2021-08-13 Saurabh Dixit , Soumyendu Raha

A fundamental challenge in physics-informed machine learning (PIML) is the design of robust PIML methods for out-of-distribution (OOD) forecasting tasks. These OOD tasks require learning-to-learn from observations of the same (ODE)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 S Chandra Mouli , Muhammad Ashraful Alam , Bruno Ribeiro

A promising method for improving the representation of clouds in climate models, and hence climate projections, is to develop machine learning-based parameterizations using output from global storm-resolving models. While neural networks…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-05-06 Arthur Grundner , Tom Beucler , Pierre Gentine , Veronika Eyring

Augmenting mechanistic ordinary differential equation (ODE) models with machine-learnable structures is an novel approach to create highly accurate, low-dimensional models of engineering systems incorporating both expert knowledge and…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-06-22 Sandor Beregi , David A. W. Barton , Djamel Rezgui , Simon A. Neild

Machine learning has been widely applied to clearly defined problems of astronomy and astrophysics. However, deep learning and its conceptual differences to classical machine learning have been largely overlooked in these fields. The broad…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-15 Nima Sedaghat , Martino Romaniello , Jonathan E. Carrick , François-Xavier Pineau

In this paper we explore the performance of deep hidden physics model (M. Raissi 2018) for autonomous systems. These systems are described by set of ordinary differential equations which do not explicitly depend on time. Such systems can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Vijay Kag

Understanding and modeling snow particle dynamics in the atmosphere remains a significant challenge for atmospheric scientists, hydrologists, and glaciologists. Temporally and spatially varying rates of snow transport, deposition, and…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-05-26 Nikolas O. Aksamit , Alex P. Encinas-Bartos , Holt Hancock , Alexander Prokop

With the rising costs of conventional sources of energy, the world is moving towards sustainable energy sources including wind energy. Wind turbines consist of several electrical and mechanical components and experience an enormous amount…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-13 Joyjit Chatterjee , Nina Dethlefs

The great learning ability of deep learning models facilitates us to comprehend the real physical world, making learning to simulate complicated particle systems a promising endeavour. However, the complex laws of the physical world pose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Guangsi Shi , Daokun Zhang , Ming Jin , Shirui Pan , Philip S. Yu

Deep learning has revolutionized weather forecasting, but many challenges remain, including climate modeling. Moreover, the current landscape remains fragmented: highly specialized models are typically trained individually for distinct…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Michael Aich , Andreas Fürst , Florian Sestak , Carlos Ruiz-Gonzalez , Niklas Boers , Johannes Brandstetter