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Securing Internet of Things (IoT) firmware remains difficult due to proprietary binaries, stripped symbols, heterogeneous architectures, and limited access to executable code. Existing analysis methods, such as static analysis, symbolic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Saeid Jamshidi , Omar Abdul-Wahab , Martine Bellaïche , Foutse Khomh

The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in healthcare has revolutionized patient care by enabling real-time monitoring, personalized treatments, and efficient data management. However, this technological advancement introduces…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Behnam Rezaei Bezanjani , Seyyed Hamid Ghafouri , Reza Gholamrezaei

Internet of Things (IoT) consists of a large number of devices connected through a network, which exchange a high volume of data, thereby posing new security, privacy, and trust issues. One way to address these issues is ensuring data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-29 Fatimah Aljaafari , Rafael Menezes , Mustafa A. Mustafa , Lucas C. Cordeiro

The diversity of web configuration interfaces for IoT devices has exacerbated issues such as inadequate permission controls and insecure interfaces, resulting in various vulnerabilities. Owing to the varying interface configurations across…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Jiahui Xiang , Lirong Fu , Tong Ye , Peiyu Liu , Huan Le , Liming Zhu , Wenhai Wang

This work explores the use of machine learning techniques on an Internet-of-Things firmware dataset to detect malicious attempts to infect edge devices or subsequently corrupt an entire network. Firmware updates are uncommon in IoT devices;…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Erik Larsen , Korey MacVittie , John Lilly

With the large-scale deployment of industrial internet of things (IIoT) devices, the number of vulnerabilities that threaten IIoT security is also growing dramatically, including a mass of undisclosed IIoT vulnerabilities that lack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-11 Wenbo Zhang , Jing Zhang , Yifei Shi , Jingyu Feng

IoT security and privacy has raised grave concerns. Efforts have been made to design tools to identify and understand vulnerabilities of IoT systems. Most of the existing protocol security analysis techniques rely on a well understanding of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-27 Kaizheng Liu , Ming Yang , Zhen Ling , Huaiyu Yan , Yue Zhang , Xinwen Fu , Wei Zhao

Timely identification of issue reports reflecting software vulnerabilities is crucial, particularly for Internet-of-Things (IoT) where analysis is slower than non-IoT systems. While Machine Learning (ML) and Large Language Models (LLMs)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Sogol Masoumzadeh

Industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT) is a powerful IoT application which remodels the growth of industries by ensuring transparent communication among various entities such as hubs, manufacturing places and packaging units. Introducing data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Geetanjali Rathee , Farhan Ahmad , Naveen Jaglan , Charalambos Konstantinou

Industrial Control Systems (ICS) rely on sensor feedback to keep safety-critical processes within operational limits. This research presents a hardware-root-of-trust that embeds a Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) at the measurement…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Ahmed Oun , Rishabh Das , Clay Hess , Aakriti Barat , Savas Kaya

BusyBox is one of the most widely reused userland components in Linux-based Internet-of-Things (IoT) firmware, yet its security assessment remains difficult because firmware images are frequently stripped, vendor patch practices are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Yinhao Xiao , Huixi Li , Yongluo Shen

We describe a framework and tool specification that represents a step towards cybersecurity testing and monitoring of IoT ecosystems. We begin with challenges from a previous paper and discuss an integrated approach and tools to enable…

The Internet of Things (IoT) is considered as the key enabling technology for smart services. Security and privacy are particularly open challenges for IoT applications due to the widespread use of commodity devices. This work introduces…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-28 Ihtesham Haider , Bernhard Rinner

Embedded devices are specialised devices designed for one or only a few purposes. They are often part of a larger system, through wired or wireless connection. Those embedded devices that are connected to other computers or embedded systems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Gergely Hevesi

Static and dynamic binary analysis techniques are actively used to reverse engineer software's behavior and to detect its vulnerabilities, even when only the binary code is available for analysis. To avoid analysis errors due to misreading…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Sami Kairajärvi , Andrei Costin , Timo Hämäläinen

Internet of Things (IoT) applications typically collect and analyse personal data that can be used to derive sensitive information about individuals. However, thus far, privacy concerns have not been explicitly considered in software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-04-12 Charith Perera , Mahmoud Barhamgi , Arosha K. Bandara , Muhammad Ajmal , Blaine Price , Bashar Nuseibeh

Attackers may attempt exploiting Internet of Things (IoT) devices to operate them unduly as well as to gather personal data of the legitimate device owners'. Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing (VAPT) sessions help to verify…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Giampaolo Bella , Pietro Biondi , Stefano Bognanni , Sergio Esposito

The Internet of Things (IoT) has rapidly expanded across various sectors, with consumer IoT devices - such as smart thermostats and security cameras - experiencing growth. Although these devices improve efficiency and promise additional…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Pascal Schöttle , Matthias Janetschek , Florian Merkle , Martin Nocker , Christoph Egger

Third-party libraries (TPLs) are extensively utilized by developers to expedite the software development process and incorporate external functionalities. Nevertheless, insecure TPL reuse can lead to significant security risks. Existing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Siyuan Li , Yongpan Wang , Chaopeng Dong , Shouguo Yang , Hong Li , Hao Sun , Zhe Lang , Zuxin Chen , Weijie Wang , Hongsong Zhu , Limin Sun

Smart contracts are prone to various vulnerabilities, leading to substantial financial losses over time. Current analysis tools mainly target vulnerabilities with fixed control or data-flow patterns, such as re-entrancy and integer…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Yuqiang Sun , Daoyuan Wu , Yue Xue , Han Liu , Haijun Wang , Zhengzi Xu , Xiaofei Xie , Yang Liu