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For a non-negative integer $p$, one of the generalized Frobenius numbers, that is called the $p$-Frobenius number, is the largest integer that is represented at most in $p$ ways as a linear combination with nonnegative integer coefficients…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-02-12 Takao Komatsu

An $\mathcal{A}$-semigroup is a numerical semigroup without consecutive small elements. This work generalizes this concept to finite-complement submonoids of an affine cone $\mathcal{C}$. We develop algorithmic procedures to compute all…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2025-06-23 J. C. Rosales , R. Tapia-Ramos , A. Vigneron-Tenorio

The Frobenius number for a set of relatively prime positive integers, where the smallest integer in the set is at least 2, is the largest integer that cannot be expressed as a nonnegative linear combination of those integers. We analyze the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-01-18 Xinxin Fang

For $ k \geq 2 $, let $ A = (a_{1}, a_{2}, \ldots, a_{k}) $ be a $k$-tuple of positive integers with $\gcd(a_{1}, a_2, \ldots, a_k) = 1$. For a non-negative integer $s$, the generalized Frobenius number of $A$, denoted as $\mathtt{g}(A;s) =…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-01-16 Kittipong Subwattanachai

Let $\mathbb{N}^{d}$ be the $d$-dimensional monoid of non-negative integers. A generalized numerical semigroup is a submonoid $ S\subseteq \mathbb{N}^d$ such that $H(S)=\mathbb{N}^d \setminus S$ is a finite set. We introduce irreducible…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-12-05 Carmelo Cisto , Gioia Failla , Chris Peterson , Rosanna Utano

The Frobenius number F(a) of an integer vector a with positive coprime coefficients is defined as the largest number that does not have a representation as a positive integer linear combination of the coefficients of a. We show that if a is…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-09-07 Jens Marklof

Let 0 < a < b be two relatively prime integers and let <a,b> be the numerical semigroup generated by a and b with Frobenius number g(a,b)=ab-a-b. In this note, we prove that there exists a prime number p in <a,b> with p < g(a,b) when the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-04-23 Jorge L. Ramirez Alfonsin , Mariusz Skalba

A numerical semigroup is a sub-semigroup of the natural numbers that has a finite complement. Some of the key properties of a numerical semigroup are its Frobenius number F, genus g and type t. It is known that for any numerical semigroup…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-08-20 Deepesh Singhal

Given a number field $K$ that is a subfield of the real numbers, we generalize the notion of the classical Frobenius problem to the ring of integers $\mathfrak{O}_K$ of $K$ by describing certain Frobenius semigroups,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-10-20 Alex Feiner , Zion Hefty

Let a, k, h, c be positive integers and d a non zero integer. Recall that a numerical generalized almost arithmetic semigroup S is a semigroup minimally generated by relatively prime positive integers a, ha + d, ha + 2d, . . . , ha + kd, c,…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2026-01-13 Marcel Morales , Nguyen Thi Dung

We study how certain invariants of numerical semigroups relate to the number of second kind gaps. Furthermore, given two fixed non-negative integers F and k, we provide an algorithm to compute all the numerical semigroups whose Frobenius…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2021-11-16 Aureliano M. Robles-Pérez , José Carlos Rosales

Let $a,b$ be positive integers. In this note, we study the numerical semigroup $H=\left<a,a+1,b\right>$ and and the associated numerical semigroup ring $R=k[[H]]$. Under the certain conditions, we provide explicit formulas for the Frobenius…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-30 Do Van Kien , Pham Hung Quy

The Frobenius number g(a) of an integer vector a with positive coprime coefficients is defined as the largest integer that does not have a representation as a non-negative integer linear combination of the coefficients of a. According to a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2011-04-04 Andreas Strömbergsson

A numerical set is a co-finite subset of the natural numbers that contains zero. Its Frobenius number is the largest number in its complement. Each numerical set has an associated semigroup $A(T)=\{t\mid t+T\subseteq T\}$, which has the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-05-11 Deepesh Singhal , Yuxin Lin

Given three pairwise coprime positive integers $a_1,a_2,a_3 \in \mathbb{Z}^+$ we show the existence of a relation between the sets of the first elements of the three quotients $\frac{\langle a_i,a_j \rangle}{a_k}$ that can be made for every…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-04-14 Alessio Moscariello

For $p>0$ a small parameter, let $\mathcal A \subseteq \mathbb{Z}_{>0}$ be a random subset where each positive integer is included independently with probability $p$. We show that, with high probability (as $p \to 0$), the numerical…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-17 Noah Kravitz , Santiago Morales , Carl Schildkraut

We study statistical properties of random numerical semigroups of a given genus. We analyze the graph of a typical numerical semigroup, understood as a function from $\mathbb{N}$ to $\mathbb{N}$. If $S$ is a numerical semigroup of genus…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-30 Maria Bras-Amorós , Nathan Kaplan , Deepesh Singhal

A generalised numerical semigroup (GNS) is a submonoid $S$ of $\mathbb{N}^d$ for which the complement $\mathbb{N}^d\setminus S$ is finite. The points in the complement $\mathbb{N}^d\setminus S$ are called gaps. A gap $F$ is considered…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-05-13 Deepesh Singhal , Yuxin Lin

Let $k\ge 2$ and $a_1, a_2, \cdots, a_k$ be positive integers with \[ \gcd(a_1, a_2, \cdots, a_k)=1. \] It is proved that there exists a positive integer $G_{a_1, a_2, \cdots, a_k}$ such that every integer $n$ strictly greater than it can…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-11 Yuchen Ding , Weijia Wang , Hao Zhang

Given a numerical semigroup $S$ and a positive integer $p$, the quotient $\frac{S}{p}=\{x\in \mathbb{N} \mid px\in S\}$ also forms a numerical semigroup. In this paper, we first characterize the Ap\'ery set for a class of quotients of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-30 Feihu Liu