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Today's software stacks for autonomous vehicles rely on HD maps to enable sufficient localization, accurate path planning, and reliable motion prediction. Recent developments have resulted in pipelines for the automated generation of HD…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Maximilian Leitenstern , Florian Sauerbeck , Dominik Kulmer , Johannes Betz

Camera-based perception systems play a central role in modern autonomous vehicles. These camera based perception algorithms require an accurate calibration to map the real world distances to image pixels. In practice, calibration is a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Ciarán Hogan , Ganesh Sistu , Ciarán Eising

Automated vehicles (AVs) are tested in diverse scenarios, typically specified by parameters such as velocities, distances, or curve radii. To describe scenarios uniformly independent of such parameters, this paper proposes a vectorized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Max Winkelmann , Constantin Vasconi , Steffen Müller

Visual localization, i.e., determining the position and orientation of a vehicle with respect to a map, is a key problem in autonomous driving. We present a multicamera visual inertial localization algorithm for large scale environments. To…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-05-16 Marcel Geppert , Peidong Liu , Zhaopeng Cui , Marc Pollefeys , Torsten Sattler

While bird's-eye-view (BEV) perception models can be useful for building high-definition maps (HD-Maps) with less human labor, their results are often unreliable and demonstrate noticeable inconsistencies in the predicted HD-Maps from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Ziyang Xie , Ziqi Pang , Yu-Xiong Wang

Autonomous driving has traditionally relied heavily on costly and labor-intensive High Definition (HD) maps, hindering scalability. In contrast, Standard Definition (SD) maps are more affordable and have worldwide coverage, offering a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Katie Z Luo , Xinshuo Weng , Yan Wang , Shuang Wu , Jie Li , Kilian Q Weinberger , Yue Wang , Marco Pavone

Map-based methods for autonomous racing estimate the vehicle's location, which is used to follow a high-level plan. While map-based optimisation methods demonstrate high-performance results, they are limited by requiring a map of the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Benjamin David Evans , Hendrik Willem Jordaan , Herman Arnold Engelbrecht

Estimating vehicles' locations is one of the key components in intelligent traffic management systems (ITMSs) for increasing traffic scene awareness. Traditionally, stationary sensors have been employed in this regard. The development of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Elnaz Namazi , Rudolf Mester , Chaoru Lu , Jingyue Li

Accurate visual localization is crucial for autonomous driving, yet existing methods face a fundamental dilemma: While high-definition (HD) maps provide high-precision localization references, their costly construction and maintenance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Li Gao , Hongyang Sun , Liu Liu , Yunhao Li , Yang Cai

High-definition maps (HD maps) are detailed and informative maps capturing lane centerlines and road elements. Although very useful for autonomous driving, HD maps are costly to build and maintain. Furthermore, access to these high-quality…

Online high-definition (HD) map construction is an essential part of a safe and robust end-to-end autonomous driving (AD) pipeline. Onboard camera-based approaches suffer from limited depth perception and degraded accuracy due to occlusion.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Kanak Mazumder , Fabian B. Flohr

Deep learning has revolutionized the ability to learn "end-to-end" autonomous vehicle control directly from raw sensory data. While there have been recent extensions to handle forms of navigation instruction, these works are unable to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Alexander Amini , Guy Rosman , Sertac Karaman , Daniela Rus

In this study, we present a low-cost and unified framework for vectorized road mapping leveraging enhanced inverse perspective mapping (IPM). In this framework, Catmull-Rom splines are utilized to characterize lane lines, and all the other…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Hongji Liu , Linwei Zheng , Yongjian Li , Mingkai Tang , Xiaoyang Yan , Ming Liu , Jun Ma

Topology reasoning is crucial for autonomous driving as it enables comprehensive understanding of connectivity and relationships between lanes and traffic elements. While recent approaches have shown success in perceiving driving topology…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Junjie Ye , David Paz , Hengyuan Zhang , Yuliang Guo , Xinyu Huang , Henrik I. Christensen , Yue Wang , Liu Ren

Unstructured road vanishing point (VP) detection is a challenging problem, especially in the field of autonomous driving. In this paper, we proposed a novel solution combining the convolutional neural network (CNN) and heatmap regression to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Yin-Bo Liu , Ming Zeng , Qing-Hao Meng

We present a visual localization framework based on novel deep attention aware features for autonomous driving that achieves centimeter level localization accuracy. Conventional approaches to the visual localization problem rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Yao Zhou , Guowei Wan , Shenhua Hou , Li Yu , Gang Wang , Xiaofei Rui , Shiyu Song

Offline vectorized maps constitute critical infrastructure for high-precision autonomous driving and mapping services. Existing approaches rely predominantly on single ego-vehicle trajectories, which fundamentally suffer from viewpoint…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zedong Dan , Zijie Wang , Wei Zhang , Xiangru Lin , Weiming Zhang , Xiao Tan , Jingdong Wang , Liang Lin , Guanbin Li

The continuous advancement of autonomous driving (AD) introduces challenges across multiple disciplines to ensure safe and efficient driving. One such challenge is the generation of High-Definition (HD) maps, which must remain up to date…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Daniel Fritz , Dimitrios Lagamtzis , Michael Mink , Markus Enzweiler , Steffen Schober

Autonomous driving requires accurate scene understanding, including road geometry, traffic agents, and their semantic relationships. In online HD map generation scenarios, raster-based representations are well-suited to vision models but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Zhigang Sun , Yiru Wang , Anqing Jiang , Shuo Wang , Yu Gao , Yuwen Heng , Shouyi Zhang , An He , Hao Jiang , Jinhao Chai , Zichong Gu , Wang Jijun , Shichen Tang , Lavdim Halilaj , Juergen Luettin , Hao Sun

We present a cost-effective new approach for generating denser depth maps for Autonomous Driving (AD) and Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) by integrating the images obtained from deep neural network (DNN) 4D radar detectors with conventional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Mohammed Alsakabi , Aidan Erickson , John M. Dolan , Ozan K. Tonguz