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The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a key diagnostic tool in cardiovascular health. Single-lead ECG recording is integrated into both clinical-grade and consumer wearables. While self-supervised pretraining of foundation models on unlabeled ECGs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Yuxuan Shu , Peter H. Charlton , Fahim Kawsar , Jussi Hernesniemi , Mohammad Malekzadeh

Supervised deep learning has been widely used in the studies of automatic ECG classification, which largely benefits from sufficient annotation of large datasets. However, most of the existing large ECG datasets are roughly annotated, so…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-11 Yang Liu , Kuanquan Wang , Qince Li , Runnan He , Yongfeng Yuan , Henggui Zhang

Existing semi-supervised medical segmentation co-learning frameworks have realized that model performance can be diminished by the biases in model recognition caused by low-quality pseudo-labels. Due to the averaging nature of their…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-20 Yuanpeng He , Yali Bi , Lijian Li , Chi-Man Pun , Wenpin Jiao , Zhi Jin

Accurate segmentation of cardiac structures can assist doctors to diagnose diseases, and to improve treatment planning, which is highly demanded in the clinical practice. However, the shortage of annotation and the variance of the data…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-05 Yao Zhang , Jiawei Yang , Feng Hou , Yang Liu , Yixin Wang , Jiang Tian , Cheng Zhong , Yang Zhang , Zhiqiang He

The 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is a quasi-periodic, multi-channel signal with diagnostic content spanning timescales from millisecond waveform morphology to multi-second rhythm dynamics. Existing ECG representation learning relies on…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Lei Xu , Fahad Sohrab , Mehmet Yamac , Merja Heinaniemi , Moncef Gabbouj

Although having achieved great success in medical image segmentation, deep learning-based approaches usually require large amounts of well-annotated data, which can be extremely expensive in the field of medical image analysis. Unlabeled…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-01 Yingda Xia , Dong Yang , Zhiding Yu , Fengze Liu , Jinzheng Cai , Lequan Yu , Zhuotun Zhu , Daguang Xu , Alan Yuille , Holger Roth

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a vital tool for diagnosing heart diseases. However, many disease patterns are derived from outdated datasets and traditional stepwise algorithms with limited accuracy. This study presents a method for direct…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Oğuzhan Büyüksolak , İlkay Öksüz

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a time-series signal that is represented by one-dimensional (1-D) data. Higher dimensional representation contains more information that is accessible for feature extraction. Hidden variables such as frequency…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-04-12 K. S. Rajput , S. Wibowo , C. Hao , M. Majmudar

In recent years, deep learning has witnessed its blossom in the field of Electrocardiography (ECG) processing, outperforming traditional signal processing methods in various tasks, for example, classification, QRS detection, wave…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Wen Hao , Kang Jingsu

Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals play critical roles in the clinical screening and diagnosis of many types of cardiovascular diseases. Despite deep neural networks that have been greatly facilitated computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) in many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Jingyi Liu , Zhongyu Li , Xiayue Fan , Jintao Yan , Bolin Li , Xuemeng Hu , Qing Xia , Yue Wu

The rapid expansion of large-scale electronic health record (EHR) data offers unique opportunities to improve the accuracy and efficiency of clinical risk estimation. Yet, because clinical events may occur outside the recording health…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-11 Jie Zhou , Enhao Wang , Xuan Wang

Supervised learning algorithms based on Convolutional Neural Networks have become the benchmark for medical image segmentation tasks, but their effectiveness heavily relies on a large amount of labeled data. However, annotating medical…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-20 Tao Wang , Yuanbin Chen , Xinlin Zhang , Yuanbo Zhou , Junlin Lan , Bizhe Bai , Tao Tan , Min Du , Qinquan Gao , Tong Tong

Deep learning has demonstrated significant improvements in medical image segmentation using a sufficiently large amount of training data with manual labels. Acquiring well-representative labels requires expert knowledge and exhaustive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Jinxi Xiang , Zhuowei Li , Wenji Wang , Qing Xia , Shaoting Zhang

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a simple non-invasive measure to identify heart-related issues such as irregular heartbeats known as arrhythmias. While artificial intelligence and machine learning is being utilized in a wide range of healthcare…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-11 Minh Cao , Tianqi Zhao , Yanxun Li , Wenhao Zhang , Peyman Benharash , Ramin Ramezani

This paper presents a novel approach to noninvasive hyperglycemia monitoring utilizing electrocardiograms (ECG) from an extensive database comprising 1119 subjects. Previous research on hyperglycemia or glucose detection using ECG has been…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-13 MohammadReza Hosseinzadehketilateh , Banafsheh Adami , Nima Karimian

Semi-supervised learning has been an effective paradigm for leveraging unlabeled data to reduce the reliance on labeled data. We propose CoMatch, a new semi-supervised learning method that unifies dominant approaches and addresses their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-04 Junnan Li , Caiming Xiong , Steven Hoi

Weak-strong consistency learning strategies are widely employed in semi-supervised medical image segmentation to train models by leveraging limited labeled data and enforcing weak-to-strong consistency. However, existing methods primarily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Chaowei Chen , Xiang Zhang , Honglie Guo , Shunfang Wang

Electrocardiograms (ECGs) provide non-invasive measurements of heart activity and are established tools for detecting cardiac arrhythmias. Although supervised machine learning has emerged as a promising approach for automated heartbeat…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Amir Reza Vazifeh , Jason W. Fleischer

Current 3D semi-supervised segmentation methods face significant challenges such as limited consideration of contextual information and the inability to generate reliable pseudo-labels for effective unsupervised data use. To address these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Sanaz Karimijafarbigloo , Reza Azad , Yury Velichko , Ulas Bagci , Dorit Merhof

Heart sound diagnosis and classification play an essential role in detecting cardiovascular disorders, especially when the remote diagnosis becomes standard clinical practice. Most of the current work is designed for single category based…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-04-25 Li Guo , Steven Davenport , Yonghong Peng