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An electrocardiogram (ECG) monitors the electrical activity generated by the heart and is used to detect fatal cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Conventionally, to capture the precise electrical activity, clinical experts use multiple-lead…

Medical Physics · Physics 2023-07-24 Ekansh Chauhan , Swathi Guptha , Likith Reddy , Bapi Raju

In this work we search for best practices in pre-processing of Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals in order to train better classifiers for the diagnosis of heart conditions. State of the art machine learning algorithms have achieved remarkable…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-16 Amir Salimi , Sunil Vasu Kalmady , Abram Hindle , Osmar Zaiane , Padma Kaul

The 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is a commonly used tool for detecting cardiac abnormalities such as atrial fibrillation, blocks, and irregular complexes. For the PhysioNet/CinC 2020 Challenge, we built an algorithm using gradient…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-27 Alexander William Wong , Weijie Sun , Sunil Vasu Kalmady , Padma Kaul , Abram Hindle

Electrocardiogram(ECG) is commonly used to detect cardiac irregularities such as atrial fibrillation, bradycardia, and other irregular complexes. While previous studies have achieved great accomplishment classifying these irregularities…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Hao-Chun Yang , Wan-Ting Hsieh , Trista Pei-Chun Chen

Timely access to laboratory values is critical for clinical decision-making, yet current approaches rely on invasive venous sampling and are intrinsically delayed. Electrocardiography (ECG), as a non-invasive and widely available signal,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Yujie Xiao , Gongzhen Tang , Wenhui Liu , Jun Li , Guangkun Nie , Zhuoran Kan , Deyun Zhang , Qinghao Zhao , Shenda Hong

Automatic diagnosis of multiple cardiac abnormalities from reduced-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) data is challenging. One of the reasons for this is the difficulty of defining labels from standard 12-lead data. Reduced-lead ECG data usually…

In practical electrocardiography (ECG) interpretation, the scarcity of well-annotated data is a common challenge. Transfer learning techniques are valuable in such situations, yet the assessment of transferability has received limited…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-13 Cuong V. Nguyen , Hieu Minh Duong , Cuong D. Do

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is an essential tool for diagnosing heart disease, with computer-aided systems improving diagnostic accuracy and reducing healthcare costs. Despite advancements, existing systems often miss rare cardiac anomalies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Aofan Jiang , Chaoqin Huang , Qing Cao , Yuchen Xu , Zi Zeng , Kang Chen , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang

This study proposes an unsupervised sequence-to-sequence learning approach that automatically assesses the motion-induced reliability degradation of the cardiac volume signal (CVS) in multi-channel electrical impedance-based hemodynamic…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-18 Chang Min Hyun , Tae-Geun Kim , Kyounghun Lee

Automated interpretation of electrocardiograms (ECG) has garnered significant attention with the advancements in machine learning methodologies. Despite the growing interest, most current studies focus solely on classification or regression…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-07 Jielin Qiu , Jiacheng Zhu , Shiqi Liu , William Han , Jingqi Zhang , Chaojing Duan , Michael Rosenberg , Emerson Liu , Douglas Weber , Ding Zhao

While Deep Learning (DL) enhances automated electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis, clinical deployment is hindered by class imbalance and the generalization gap. This paper presents HeartBeatAI, a deep learning framework combining domain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Shubham Gupta , Nikhil Panwar , Partha Pratim Roy

Deep learning-based electrocardiogram (ECG) classification has shown impressive performance but clinical adoption has been slowed by the lack of transparent and faithful explanations. Post hoc methods such as saliency maps may fail to…

Uncertainty of labels in clinical data resulting from intra-observer variability can have direct impact on the reliability of assessments made by deep neural networks. In this paper, we propose a method for modelling such uncertainty in the…

Imbalanced electrocardiogram (ECG) data hampers the efficacy and resilience of algorithms in the automated processing and interpretation of cardiovascular diagnostic information, which in turn impedes deep learning-based ECG classification.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Haijian Shao , Wei Liu , Xing Deng , Daze Lu

In clinical practice, automatic analysis of electrocardiogram (ECG) is widely applied to identify irregular heart rhythms and other electrical anomalies of the heart, enabling timely intervention and potentially improving clinical outcomes.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Zhangyue Shi , Zekai Wang , Yuxuan Li

Acceleration of machine learning research in healthcare is challenged by lack of large annotated and balanced datasets. Furthermore, dealing with measurement inaccuracies and exploiting unsupervised data are considered to be central to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-01-11 Deepta Rajan , David Beymer , Girish Narayan

In typical medical image classification problems, labeled data is scarce while unlabeled data is more available. Semi-supervised learning and self-supervised learning are two different research directions that can improve accuracy by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Zhe Huang , Ruijie Jiang , Shuchin Aeron , Michael C. Hughes

Electrocardiogram (ECG) detection and delineation are key steps for numerous tasks in clinical practice, as ECG is the most performed non-invasive test for assessing cardiac condition. State-of-the-art algorithms employ digital signal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Guillermo Jimenez-Perez , Alejandro Alcaine , Oscar Camara

Automated classification of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals is a useful tool for diagnosing and monitoring cardiovascular diseases. This study compares three traditional machine learning algorithms (Decision Tree Classifier, Random Forest…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Saloni Garg , Ukant Jadia , Amit Sagtani , Kamal Kant Hiran

One of the challenges in developing deep learning algorithms for medical image segmentation is the scarcity of annotated training data. To overcome this limitation, data augmentation and semi-supervised learning (SSL) methods have been…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-02 Bram Ruijsink , Esther Puyol-Anton , Ye Li , Wenja Bai , Eric Kerfoot , Reza Razavi , Andrew P. King