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Urban autonomous driving is an open and challenging problem to solve as the decision-making system has to account for several dynamic factors like multi-agent interactions, diverse scene perceptions, complex road geometries, and other…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Arjit Sharma , Sahil Sharma

Reliable testing of autonomous driving systems requires simulation environments that combine large-scale traffic modeling with realistic 3D perception and terrain. Existing tools rarely capture real-world elevation, limiting their…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Chandra Raskoti , Weizi Li

We propose a novel method to estimate a driver's points-of-gaze using a pair of ordinary cameras mounted on the windshield and dashboard of a car. This is a challenging problem due to the dynamics of traffic environments with 3D scenes of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Dat Viet Thanh Nguyen , Anh Tran , Hoai Nam Vu , Cuong Pham , Minh Hoai

In the pursuit of robust autonomous driving systems, models trained on real-world datasets often struggle to adapt to new environments, particularly when confronted with corner cases such as extreme weather conditions. Collecting these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Jiacheng Zuo , Haibo Hu , Zikang Zhou , Yufei Cui , Ziquan Liu , Jianping Wang , Nan Guan , Jin Wang , Chun Jason Xue

Closed-loop evaluation is increasingly critical for end-to-end autonomous driving. Current closed-loop benchmarks using the CARLA simulator rely on manually configured traffic scenarios, which can diverge from real-world conditions,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Haibao Yu , Wenxian Yang , Ruiyang Hao , Chuanye Wang , Jiaru Zhong , Ping Luo , Zaiqing Nie

LiDAR and cameras are two complementary sensors for 3D perception in autonomous driving. LiDAR point clouds have accurate spatial and geometry information, while RGB images provide textural and color data for context reasoning. To exploit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Rui Wan , Shuangjie Xu , Wei Wu , Xiaoyi Zou , Tongyi Cao

A robust estimation of road course and traffic lanes is an essential part of environment perception for next generations of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems and development of self-driving vehicles. In this paper, a flexible method for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-06-07 Alexey Abramov , Christopher Bayer , Claudio Heller , Claudia Loy

We propose a methodology for lidar super-resolution with ground vehicles driving on roadways, which relies completely on a driving simulator to enhance, via deep learning, the apparent resolution of a physical lidar. To increase the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Tixiao Shan , Jinkun Wang , Fanfei Chen , Paul Szenher , Brendan Englot

LiDAR-camera fusion is one of the core processes for the perception system of current automated driving systems. The typical sensor fusion process includes a list of coordinate transformation operations following system calibration.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Dan Shen , Zhengming Zhang , Renran Tian , Yaobin Chen , Rini Sherony

In autonomous racing, reactive controllers eliminate the computational burden of the full See-Think-Act autonomy stack by directly mapping sensor inputs to control actions. This bypasses the need for explicit localization and trajectory…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Junhao Ye , Cheng Hu , Yiqin Wang , Weizhan Huang , Nicolas Baumann , Jie He , Meixun Qu , Lei Xie , Hongye Su

Generalization under distribution shift remains a central bottleneck for closed-loop autonomous driving. Although simulators like CARLA enable safe and scalable testing, existing benchmarks rarely measure true generalization: they typically…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Simon Gerstenecker , Andreas Geiger , Katrin Renz

Adaptive Cruise Control ACC can change the speed of the ego vehicle to maintain a safe distance from the following vehicle automatically. The primary purpose of this research is to use cutting-edge computing approaches to locate and track…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Roza Al-Hindaw , Taqwa I. Alhadidi , Mohammad Adas

Current deep learning based autonomous driving approaches yield impressive results also leading to in-production deployment in certain controlled scenarios. One of the most popular and fascinating approaches relies on learning vehicle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-08 Luca Cultrera , Lorenzo Seidenari , Federico Becattini , Pietro Pala , Alberto Del Bimbo

Imitation learning is becoming more and more successful for autonomous driving. End-to-end (raw signal to command) performs well on relatively simple tasks (lane keeping and navigation). Mid-to-mid (environment abstraction to mid-level…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Thibault Buhet , Emilie Wirbel , Xavier Perrotton

Traffic simulation is an efficient and cost-effective way to test Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) in a complex and dynamic environment. Numerous studies have been conducted for AV evaluation using traffic simulation over the past decades.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Pei Li , Arpan Kusari , David J. LeBlanc

Safe deployment of self-driving cars (SDC) necessitates thorough simulated and in-field testing. Most testing techniques consider virtualized SDCs within a simulation environment, whereas less effort has been directed towards assessing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Andrea Stocco , Brian Pulfer , Paolo Tonella

Semantic segmentation on LiDAR imaging is increasingly gaining attention, as it can provide useful knowledge for perception systems and potential for autonomous driving. However, collecting and labeling real LiDAR data is an expensive and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Javier Montalvo , Pablo Carballeira , Álvaro García-Martín

This paper aims to investigate direct imitation learning from human drivers for the task of lane keeping assistance in highway and country roads using grayscale images from a single front view camera. The employed method utilizes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-09-13 Christopher Innocenti , Henrik Lindén , Ghazaleh Panahandeh , Lennart Svensson , Nasser Mohammadiha

There are two critical sensors for 3D perception in autonomous driving, the camera and the LiDAR. The camera provides rich semantic information such as color, texture, and the LiDAR reflects the 3D shape and locations of surrounding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Kaicheng Yu , Tang Tao , Hongwei Xie , Zhiwei Lin , Zhongwei Wu , Zhongyu Xia , Tingting Liang , Haiyang Sun , Jiong Deng , Dayang Hao , Yongtao Wang , Xiaodan Liang , Bing Wang

Localization for autonomous vehicles on highways remains under-explored compared to urban roads, and state-of-the-art methods for urban scenes degrade when directly applied to highways. We identify key challenges including environment…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Daqian Cheng , Xuchu Ding , Yujia Wu , Xiang Zhang , Lei Wang