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Understanding the stability mechanism of surface micro/nanobubbles adhered to gas-evolving electrodes is essential for improving the efficiency of water electrolysis, which is known to be hindered by the bubble coverage on electrodes. Using…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-04-16 Yixin Zhang , Xiaojue Zhu , Jeffery A. Wood , Detlef Lohse

Water electrolysis in a microsystem is observed and analyzed on a short-time scale ~10 us. Very unusual properties of the process are stressed. An extremely high current density is observed because the process is not limited by the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2013-07-18 Vitaly B. Svetovoy , Remco G. P. Sanders , Miko C. Elwenspoek

In gas evolving electrolysis, bubbles grow at electrodes due to a diffusive influx from oversaturation generated locally in the electrolyte by the electrode reaction. When considering electrodes of micrometer-size resembling catalytic…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-11-11 Mengyuan Huang , Chao Sun , Kerstin Eckert , Xianren Zhang , Gerd Mutschke

Electrolysis of water is employed to produce surface nanobubbles on highly orientated pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surfaces. Hydrogen (oxygen) nanobubbles are formed when the HOPG surface acts as negative (positive) electrode. Coverage and…

The formation, growth and detachment of gas bubbles on electrodes are omnipresent in electrolysis and other gas-producing chemical processes. To better understand their role in the mass transfer efficiency, we perform experiments involving…

Three-dimensional direct numerical simulation of electrolysis is applied to investigate the growth and detachment of bubbles at electrodes. The moving gas-liquid interface is modeled employing the VOF-based method. To ensure the accuracy of…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-12-19 Wei Qin , Tian Long , Jacob Maarek , Stéphane Zaleski

We develop and implement numerically a phase field model for the growth and detachment of a gas bubble resting on an electrode and being filled with hydrogen produced by water electrolysis. The bubble is surrounded by a viscous liquid, has…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-12-19 Carlos Uriarte , Marco A. Fontelos , Manuel Arrayás

In water electrolysis, bubbles form on the electrode and interact through processes such as collision and coalescence. However, the impact of bubble coalescence a fundamental process governing electrolytic bubble behaviour-on electrolysis…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-11-06 Tao Wu , Bo Liu , Haohao Hao , Fang Yuan , Yu Zhang , Huanshu Tan , Qiang Yang

The mechanism of superstability of nanobubbles in liquid confirmed by many experimental studies is still in debate since the classical diffusion predicts their lifetime on the order of a few microseconds. In this work, we study the…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2018-10-30 Song-Nam Hong , Song-Hyok Choe , Un-Gi Jong , Myong-San Pak , Chol-Jun Yu

A surprising phenomenon is presented: a bubble, produced from water electrolysis, is immobilized in the liquid (as if the Archimedes' buoyant force were annihilated). This is achieved using a nanoelectrode (1 nm to 1 $\mu$m of curvature…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-02-07 Z Hammadi , L Lapena , R Morin , J Olives

Bubble formation in electrochemical system often hinders reaction efficiency by reducing active surface area and obstructing mass transfer, yet the mechanisms governing their nanoscale nucleation dynamics and impact remains unclear. In this…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-09-26 Zhenlei Wanga , Yaxi Yua , Mengkai Qin , Hao Jiang , Zhenjiang Guo , Lu Bai , Limin Wang , Xiaochun Zhang , Xiangping Zhang , Yawei Liu

Enhancing the efficiency of water electrolysis, which can be severely impacted by the nucleation and growth of bubbles, is key in the energy transition. In this combined experimental and numerical study, in-situ bubble evolution and…

Gas bubble accumulation on substrates reduces the efficiency of many physicochemical processes, such as water electrolysis. For microbubbles, where buoyancy is negligible, coalescence-induced jumping driven by the release of surface energy…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-11-10 Yixin Zhang , Xiangyu Zhang , Detlef Lohse

The evolution of electrogenerated gas bubbles during water electrolysis can significantly hamper the overall process efficiency. Promoting the departure of electrochemically generated bubbles during (water) electrolysis is therefore…

Recent experiments have convincingly demonstrated the existence of surface nanobubbles on submerged hydrophobic surfaces. However, classical theory dictates that small gaseous bubbles quickly dissolve because their large Laplace pressure…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2009-11-13 Michael P. Brenner , Detlef Lohse

A novel 3-electrode cell type is introduced to run parametrical studies of H$_2$ evolution in an alkaline electrolyte on porous electrodes. Electrochemical methods combined with a high-speed optical measurement system are applied…

A simple model of water nanoelectrolysis-defined as the nanolocalization at a single point of any electrolysis phenomenon-is presented. It is based on the electron tunneling assisted by the electric field through the thin film of water…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2019-04-25 Juan Olives , Zoubida Hammadi , Roger Morin , Laurent Lapena

The removal of microbubbles from substrates is crucial for the efficiency of many catalytic and electrochemical gas evolution reactions in liquids. The current work investigates the coalescence and detachment of bubbles generated from…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-12-08 Pengyu Lv , Pablo Peñas , Hai Le The , Jan Eijkel , Albert van den Berg , Xuehua Zhang , Detlef Lohse

Understanding how bubbles influence the efficiency of water electrolysis is crucial to achieve economically competitive hydrogen, generated by renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power. Water electrolysis is typically performed…

We develop a model for the thermodynamics and evaporation dynamics of aerosol droplets of a liquid such as water, surrounded by the gas. When the temperature and the chemical potential (or equivalently the humidity) are such that the vapour…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-11-23 A. J. Archer , B. D. Goddard , R. Roth
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