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Reliable detection of various objects and road users in the surrounding environment is crucial for the safe operation of automated driving systems (ADS). Despite recent progresses in developing highly accurate object detectors based on Deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Hakan Yekta Yatbaz , Mehrdad Dianati , Konstantinos Koufos , Roger Woodman

An open question in autonomous driving is how best to use simulation to validate the safety of autonomous vehicles. Existing techniques rely on simulated rollouts, which can be inefficient for finding rare failure events, while other…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Anthony Corso , Ritchie Lee , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

The selection of relevant test scenarios for the scenario-based testing and safety validation of automated driving systems (ADSs) remains challenging. An important aspect of the relevance of a scenario is the challenge it poses for an ADS.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Lennart Vater , Sven Tarlowski , Michael Schuldes , Lutz Eckstein

Search-based software testing (SBST) is a widely adopted technique for testing complex systems with large input spaces, such as Deep Learning-enabled (DL-enabled) systems. Many SBST techniques focus on Pareto-based optimization, where…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Lev Sorokin , Damir Safin , Shiva Nejati

Validating autonomous driving neural networks often demands expensive equipment and complex setups, limiting accessibility for researchers and educators. We introduce DriveNetBench, an affordable and configurable benchmarking system…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Ali Al-Bustami , Humberto Ruiz-Ochoa , Jaerock Kwon

Indoor autonomous driving testbeds have emerged to complement expensive outdoor testbeds and virtual simulations, offering scalable and cost-effective solutions for research in navigation, traffic optimization, and swarm intelligence.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Zhaofeng Tian , William He , Boyang Tian , Ren Zhong , Erfan Foorginejad , Weisong Shi

A/B experimentation is a known technique for data-driven product development and has demonstrated its value in web-facing businesses. With the digitalisation of the automotive industry, the focus in the industry is shifting towards…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Yuchu Liu , Jan Bosch , Helena Holmström Olsson , Jonn Lantz

Scenario-based testing is a promising method to develop, verify and validate automated driving systems (ADS) since pure on-road testing seems inefficient for complex traffic environments. A major challenge for this approach is the provision…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Michael Schuldes , Christoph Glasmacher , Lutz Eckstein

This work focuses on improving state-of-the-art in stochastic local search (SLS) for solving Boolean satisfiability (SAT) instances arising from real-world industrial SAT application domains. The recently introduced SLS method CRSat has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-09-12 Anton Belov , Matti Järvisalo

The combination of LLM agents with external tools enables models to solve complex tasks beyond their knowledge base. Human-designed tools are inflexible and restricted to solutions within the scope of pre-existing tools created by experts.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Mohd Ariful Haque , Justin Williams , Sunzida Siddique , Md. Hujaifa Islam , Hasmot Ali , Kishor Datta Gupta , Roy George

For intelligent vehicles, sensing the 3D environment is the first but crucial step. In this paper, we build a real-time advanced driver assistance system based on a low-power mobile platform. The system is a real-time multi-scheme…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-28 Qiwei Xie , Qian Long , Liming Zhang , Zhao Sun

Active learning (AL) for real-world object detection faces computational and reliability challenges that limit practical deployment. Developing new AL methods requires training multiple detectors across iterations to compare against…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Moussa Kassem Sbeyti , Nadja Klein , Michelle Karg , Christian Wirth , Sahin Albayrak

We present an overview of recently developed data-driven tools for safety analysis of autonomous vehicles and advanced driver assist systems. The core algorithms combine model-based, hybrid system reachability analysis with sensitivity…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-04-24 Chuchu Fan , Bolun Qi , Sayan Mitra

Penetration testing is a vital practice for identifying and mitigating vulnerabilities in cybersecurity systems, but its manual execution is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Existing large language model (LLM)-assisted or automated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-24 He Kong , Die Hu , Jingguo Ge , Liangxiong Li , Tong Li , Bingzhen Wu

Multi-agent interaction is a fundamental aspect of autonomous driving in the real world. Despite more than a decade of research and development, the problem of how to competently interact with diverse road users in diverse scenarios remains…

Testing Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) is crucial for ensuring their safety, reliability, and performance. Despite numerous testing methods available that can generate diverse and challenging scenarios to uncover potential…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Renzhi Wang , Mingfei Cheng , Xiaofei Xie , Yuan Zhou , Lei Ma

Scenario-based testing using simulations is a cornerstone of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) software validation. So far, developers needed to choose between low-fidelity 2D simulators to explore the scenario space efficiently, and high-fidelity…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Marc Kaufeld , Korbinian Moller , Alessio Gambi , Paolo Arcaini , Johannes Betz

Automated Driving Systems (ADS) have rapidly evolved in recent years and their architecture becomes sophisticated. Ensuring robustness, reliability and safety of performance is particularly important. The main challenge in building an ADS…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Mehdi Testouri , Gamal Elghazaly , Raphael Frank

Autonomous Driving System (ADS) testing plays a crucial role in their development, with the current focus primarily on functional and safety testing. However, evaluating the non-functional morality of ADSs, particularly their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Wenbing Tang , Mingfei Cheng , Yuan Zhou , Yang Liu

Ensuring the safety of Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) requires realistic and reproducible test scenarios, yet extracting such scenarios from multimodal crash reports remains a major challenge. Large Language Models (LLMs) often…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Siwei Luo , Yang Zhang , Yao Deng , Linfeng Liang , Xi Zheng