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Quantum computers hold the promise of solving computational problems which are intractable using conventional methods. For fault-tolerant operation quantum computers must correct errors occurring due to unavoidable decoherence and limited…

In fault-tolerant quantum computation, the preparation of logical states is a ubiquitous subroutine, yet significant challenges persist even for the simplest states required. In the present work, we present a unitary, scalable,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-09 Luis Colmenarez , Remmy Zen , Jan Olle , Florian Marquardt , Markus Müller

Quantum error-correction is a prerequisite for reliable quantum computation. Towards this goal, we present a recurrent, transformer-based neural network which learns to decode the surface code, the leading quantum error-correction code. Our…

Large-scale quantum computation is likely to require massive quantum error correction (QEC). QEC codes and circuits are described via the stabilizer formalism, which represents stabilizer states by keeping track of the operators that…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2013-08-09 Hector J. Garcia , Igor L. Markov , Andrew W. Cross

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for achieving low error rates required for fault-tolerant quantum computation. In stabilizer-based codes such as the surface code, errors are inferred from repeated syndrome measurements and…

Although qubit coherence times and gate fidelities are continuously improving, logical encoding is essential to achieve fault tolerance in quantum computing. In most encoding schemes, correcting or tracking errors throughout the computation…

Generation of logical zero states encoded with a quantum error-correcting code is the first step for fault-tolerant quantum computation, but requires considerably large resource overheads in general. To reduce such overheads, we propose an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-14 Hayato Goto , Yinghao Ho , Taro Kanao

The surface code is a leading candidate quantum error correcting code, owing to its high threshold, and compatibility with existing experimental architectures. Bravyi et al. (2006) showed that encoding a state in the surface code using…

Quantum error-correcting codes are a vital technology for demonstrating reliable quantum computation. They require data qubits for encoding quantum information and ancillary qubits for taking error syndromes necessary for error correction.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-12 Shintaro Sato , Yasunari Suzuki

Quantum error correction is indispensable to achieving reliable quantum computation. When quantum information is encoded redundantly, a larger Hilbert space is constructed using multiple physical qubits, and the computation is performed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-29 Hoshitaro Ohnishi , Hideo Mukai

Quantum error-correcting codes aim to protect information in quantum systems to enable fault-tolerant quantum computations. The most prevalent method, stabilizer codes, has been well developed for many varieties of systems, however, largely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-10 Lane G. Gunderman

For reliable large-scale quantum computation, quantum error correction (QEC) is essential to protect logical information distributed across multiple physical qubits. Taking advantage of recent advances in deep learning, neural network-based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Seong-Joon Park , Hee-Youl Kwak , Yongjune Kim

One of the main challenge for an efficient implementation of quantum information technologies is how to counteract quantum noise. Quantum error correcting codes are therefore of primary interest for the evolution towards quantum computing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-28 Lorenzo Valentini , Diego Forlivesi , Marco Chiani

To improve the efficiency of the encoding and the decoding is the important problem in the quantum error correction. In a preceding work, a general algorithm for decoding the stabilizer code is shown. This paper will show an decoding which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Kenichiro Furuta

Surface and color codes are two forms of topological quantum error correction in two spatial dimensions with complementary properties. Surface codes have lower-depth error detection circuits and well-developed decoders to interpret and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-18 Jonathan E. Moussa

Large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computations will be enabled by quantum error-correcting codes (QECC). This work presents the first systematic technique to test the accuracy and effectiveness of different QECC decoding schemes by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-22 Arshpreet Singh Maan , Alexandru Paler

We present a method for implementing stabilizer-based codes with encoding schemes of the operator quantum error correction paradigm, e.g., the "standard" five-qubit and CSS codes, on solid-state qubits with Ising or XY-type interactions.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-03 Tetsufumi Tanamoto , Vladimir M. Stojanović , Christoph Bruder , Daniel Becker

$k$-uniform states are valuable resources in quantum information, enabling tasks such as teleportation, error correction, and accelerated quantum simulations. The practical realization of $k$-uniform states, at scale, faces major obstacles:…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-14 Shayan Majidy , Dominik Hangleiter , Michael J. Gullans

In previous work, we have shown that pseudocodewords can be used to characterize the behavior of decoders not only for classical codes but also for quantum stabilizer codes. With the insights obtained from this pseudocodewords-based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-21 July X. Li , Joseph M. Renes , Pascal O. Vontobel

Quantum error correcting (QEC) stabilizer codes enable protection of quantum information against errors during storage and processing. Simulation of noisy QEC codes is used to identify the noise parameters necessary for advantageous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-17 Sascha Heußen , Don Winter , Manuel Rispler , Markus Müller