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Quantum Random Access Memory (QRAM) holds the promise of enabling several large scale applications of quantum computers. However, designing fault tolerant QRAMs for large scale applications is still an open problem due to the poor error and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Ansh Singal , Kaitlin N. Smith

Giovannetti, Lloyd, and Maccone [Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 160501] proposed a quantum random access memory (QRAM) architecture to retrieve arbitrary superpositions of $N$ (quantum) memory cells via $O(\log(N))$ quantum switches and $O(\log(N))$…

Quantum computers promise tremendous impact across applications -- and have shown great strides in hardware engineering -- but remain notoriously error prone. Careful design of low-level controls has been shown to compensate for the…

Efficient and coherent data retrieval and storage are essential for harnessing quantum algorithms' speedup. Such a fundamental task is addressed by a quantum Random Access Memory (qRAM). Despite their promising scaling properties, current…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-09 Giuseppe De Riso , Giuseppe Catalano , Seth Lloyd , Vittorio Giovannetti , Dario De Santis

Quantum devices can process data in a fundamentally different way than classical computers. To leverage this potential, many algorithms require the aid of a quantum Random Access Memory (QRAM), i.e. a module capable of efficiently loading…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-26 Francesco Cesa , Hannes Bernien , Hannes Pichler

Quantum computing is a rapidly expanding field with applications ranging from optimization all the way to complex machine learning tasks. Quantum memories, while lacking in practical quantum computers, have the potential to bring quantum…

We study the robustness of the bucket brigade quantum random access memory model introduced by Giovannetti, Lloyd, and Maccone [Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 160501 (2008)]. Due to a result of Regev and Schiff [ICALP '08 pp. 773], we show that for…

Quantum random-access memory (QRAM) is a mechanism to access data (quantum or classical) based on addresses which are themselves a quantum state. QRAM has a long and controversial history, and here we survey and expand arguments and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-03 Samuel Jaques , Arthur G. Rattew

The design space of current quantum computers is expansive with no obvious winning solution. This leaves practitioners with a clear question: "What is the optimal system configuration to run an algorithm?". This paper explores hardware…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-04 Justin Kalloor , Mathias Weiden , Ed Younis , John Kubiatowicz , Bert De Jong , Costin Iancu

Quantum Random Access Memory (QRAM) is a crucial architectural component for querying classical or quantum data in superposition, enabling algorithms with wide-ranging applications in quantum arithmetic, quantum chemistry, machine learning,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-04 Shifan Xu , Alvin Lu , Yongshan Ding

A quantum random access memory (qRAM) is considered an essential computing unit to enable polynomial speedups in quantum information processing. Proposed implementations include using neutral atoms and superconducting circuits to construct…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-11 Kevin C. Chen , Wenhan Dai , Carlos Errando-Herranz , Seth Lloyd , Dirk Englund

Quantum devices should operate in adherence to quantum physics principles. Quantum random access memory (QRAM), a fundamental component of many essential quantum algorithms for tasks such as linear algebra, data search, and machine…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-25 Yunfei Wang , Yuri Alexeev , Liang Jiang , Frederic T. Chong , Junyu Liu

The possibility to utilize different types of two-qubit gates on a single quantum computing platform adds flexibility in the decomposition of quantum algorithms. A larger hardware-native gate set may decrease the number of required gates,…

In this short review I aim to explain how we can construct a circuit implementation of the bucketbrigade qRAM first proposed in [1]. Used with classical data, this qRAM model can be used incombination with the quantum accessible data…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-23 Pablo Antonio Moreno Casares

The increasing amount of data processed on edge and the demand for reducing the energy consumption for large neural network architectures have initiated the transition from traditional von Neumann architectures towards in-memory computing…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-09-27 O. Krestinskaya , L. Zhang , K. N. Salama

The Quantum Skip Gate (QSG) is a unitary circuit primitive that coherently superposes the execution and omission of an expensive quantum subroutine based on the outcome of a cheaper preceding subroutine, without mid-circuit measurement or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-26 Kym Derriman

Quantum Random Access Memory (QRAM) is a critical component for loading classical data into quantum computers. While constructing a practical QRAM presents several challenges, including the impracticality of an infinitely large QRAM size…

In this paper we present an architecture that enables the redesign of large-scale quantum circuits on quantum hardware based on the entangling quantum generative adversarial network (EQ-GAN). Specifically, by prepending a random quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-19 Runhong He , Ji Guan , Xin Hong , Guolong Cui , Shengbin Wang , Shenggang Ying

Quantum random-access look-up of a string of classical bits is a necessary ingredient in several important quantum algorithms. In some cases, the cost of such quantum random-access memory (qRAM) is the limiting factor in the implementation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-24 Olivia Di Matteo , Vlad Gheorghiu , Michele Mosca

Recent experimental achievements have demonstrated the potential of neutral atom architectures for fault-tolerant quantum computing. These architectures feature the dynamic rearrangement of atoms during computation, enabling nearly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-14 Yannick Stade , Ludwig Schmid , Lukas Burgholzer , Robert Wille