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As large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, Copilot, Claude, and Gemini become integrated into software development workflows, developers increasingly leave traces of AI involvement in their code comments. Among these, some comments…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Abdullah Al Mujahid , Mia Mohammad Imran

The technical state of software, i.e., its technical debt (TD) and maintainability are of increasing interest as ever more software is developed and deployed. Since td and maintainability are neither uniformly defined, not easy to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Rolf-Helge Pfeiffer , Mircea Lungu

AI-empowered tools have emerged as a transformative force, fundamentally reshaping the software development industry and promising far-reaching impacts across diverse sectors. This study investigates the adoption, impact, and security…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Shidong Pan , Litian Wang , Tianyi Zhang , Zhenchang Xing , Yanjie Zhao , Qinghua Lu , Xiaoyu Sun

The technical debt (TD) metaphor is widely used to encapsulate numerous software quality problems. She describes the trade-off between the short term benefit of taking a shortcut during the design or implementation phase of a software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Ronivon Dias , Pedro Neto , Irvayne Ibiapina , Guilherme Avelino e Otavio Castro

Technical debt is a pervasive problem in software development. Software development teams have to prioritize debt items and determine whether they should address debt or develop new features at any point in time. This paper presents…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Rodrigo Rebouças de Almeida , Christoph Treude , Uirá Kulesza

[Context] Technical debt (TD) in machine learning (ML) systems, much like its counterpart in software engineering (SE), holds the potential to lead to future rework, posing risks to productivity, quality, and team morale. Despite growing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Rodrigo Ximenes , Antonio Pedro Santos Alves , Tatiana Escovedo , Rodrigo Spinola , Marcos Kalinowski

The rapid development of artificial intelligence motivates firms to engage in AI washing. This study examines whether strategic policy shocks increase debt financing costs for such firms. Leveraging China's 14th Five Year Plan as a quasi…

General Economics · Economics 2026-05-19 Congluo Xu , Jiuyue Liu , Xiangsheng Zheng , Ziyang Li

The field of artificial intelligence (AI) is witnessing a recent upsurge in research, tools development, and deployment of applications. Multiple software companies are shifting their focus to developing intelligent systems; and many others…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-04 Feras A. Batarseh , Rasika Mohod , Abhinav Kumar , Justin Bui

GenAI solutions like GitHub Copilot have been shown to increase the productivity of software developers. Yet prior work remains unclear on the quality of code produced and the challenges of maintaining it in software projects. If quality…

General Economics · Economics 2026-01-29 Feiyang Xu , Poonacha K. Medappa , Murat M. Tunc , Martijn Vroegindeweij , Jan C. Fransoo

Self-admitted technical debt refers to situations where a software developer knows that their current implementation is not optimal and indicates this using a source code comment. In this work, we hypothesize that it is possible to develop…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Rungroj Maipradit , Christoph Treude , Hideaki Hata , Kenichi Matsumoto

The technical debt (TD) metaphor describes actions made during various stages of software development that lead to a more costly future regarding system maintenance and evolution. According to recent studies, on average 25% of development…

Open-source software (OSS) is foundational to modern digital infrastructure, yet this context for group work continues to struggle to ensure sufficient contributions in many critical cases. This literature review explores how artificial…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-10 S M Rakib UI Karim , Wenyi Lu , Sean Goggins

Technical debt refers to the consequences of sub-optimal decisions made during software development that prioritize short-term benefits over long-term maintainability. Self-Admitted Technical Debt (SATD) is a specific form of technical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yikun Li , Mohamed Soliman , Paris Avgeriou , Jie Tan , Jiakun Liu

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an important driving force for the development and transformation of the financial industry. However, with the fast-evolving AI technology and application, unintentional bias, insufficient model validation,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-12-17 Yukun Zhang , Longsheng Zhou

Technical debt (TD) is a metaphor to describe the trade-off between short-term workarounds and long-term goals in software development. Despite being widely used to explain technical issues in business terms, industry and academia still…

With software development increasingly reliant on innovative technologies, there is a growing interest in exploring the potential of generative AI tools to streamline processes and enhance productivity. In this scenario, this paper…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Mariana Coutinho , Lorena Marques , Anderson Santos , Marcio Dahia , Cesar Franca , Ronnie de Souza Santos

The outlook for the future of artificial intelligence (AI) in the financial sector, especially in financial forecasting, the challenges and implications. The dynamics of AI technology, including deep learning, reinforcement learning, and…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-11-22 Shuochen Bi , Tingting Deng , Jue Xiao

Public higher education systems face increasing financial pressures from expanding student populations, rising operational costs, and persistent demands for equitable access. Artificial Intelligence (AI), including generative tools such as…

Technical debt has become a common metaphor for the accumulation of software design and implementation choices that seek fast initial gains but that are under par and counterproductive in the long run. However, as a metaphor, technical debt…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Jacinto Ramirez Lahti , Antti-Pekka Tuovinen , Tommi Mikkonen

Motivation: Technical debt is a metaphor that describes not-quite-right code introduced for short-term needs. Developers are aware of it and admit it in source code comments, which is called Self- Admitted Technical Debt (SATD). Therefore,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Moritz Mock