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Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong promise as rerankers, especially in ``listwise'' settings where an LLM is prompted to rerank several search results at once. However, this ``cascading'' retrieve-and-rerank approach is limited…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Mandeep Rathee , Sean MacAvaney , Avishek Anand

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance on general Question Answering (QA), yet they often struggle in domain-specific scenarios where accurate and up-to-date information is required. Retrieval-Augmented Generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Haoyue Bai , Haoyu Wang , Shengyu Chen , Zhengzhang Chen , Lu-An Tang , Wei Cheng , Haifeng Chen , Yanjie Fu

High relevance of retrieved and re-ranked items to the search query is the cornerstone of successful product search, yet measuring relevance of items to queries is one of the most challenging tasks in product information retrieval, and…

We present a comprehensive study of answer quality evaluation in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) applications using vRAG-Eval, a novel grading system that is designed to assess correctness, completeness, and honesty. We further map the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Yang Wang , Alberto Garcia Hernandez , Roman Kyslyi , Nicholas Kersting

Current IR evaluation is based on relevance judgments, created either manually or automatically, with decisions outsourced to Large Language Models (LLMs). We offer an alternative paradigm, that never relies on relevance judgments in any…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Naghmeh Farzi , Laura Dietz

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) offers a cost-effective approach to injecting real-time knowledge into large language models (LLMs). Nevertheless, constructing and validating high-quality knowledge repositories require considerable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Xun Liang , Simin Niu , Zhiyu li , Sensen Zhang , Shichao Song , Hanyu Wang , Jiawei Yang , Feiyu Xiong , Bo Tang , Chenyang Xi

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate significant capabilities, their reliance on parametric knowledge often leads to inaccuracies. Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates this by incorporating external knowledge, but…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Hailong Yin , Bin Zhu , Jingjing Chen , Chong-Wah Ngo

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit enhanced capabilities in language understanding and generation. By utilizing their embedded knowledge, LLMs are increasingly used as conversational recommender systems (CRS), achieving improved…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Zhenrui Yue , Honglei Zhuang , Zhen Qin , Zhankui He , Huimin Zeng , Julian McAuley , Dong Wang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as an approach to augment large language models (LLMs) by reducing their reliance on static knowledge and improving answer factuality. RAG retrieves relevant context snippets and generates an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Juraj Vladika , Florian Matthes

Natural Language Recommendation (NLRec) generates item suggestions based on the relevance between user-issued NL requests and NL item description passages. Existing NLRec approaches often use Dense Retrieval (DR) to compute item relevance…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yifan Liu , Qianfeng Wen , Jiazhou Liang , Mark Zhao , Justin Cui , Anton Korikov , Armin Toroghi , Junyoung Kim , Scott Sanner

Manual relevance judgements in Information Retrieval are costly and require expertise, driving interest in using Large Language Models (LLMs) for automatic assessment. While LLMs have shown promise in general web search scenarios, their…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Ratan J. Sebastian , Anett Hoppe

Although large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong text generation capabilities, they struggle in scenarios requiring access to structured knowledge bases or specific documents, limiting their effectiveness in knowledge-intensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Gustavo Kuratomi , Paulo Pirozelli , Fabio G. Cozman , Sarajane M. Peres

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances Large Language Model (LLM) output by providing prior knowledge as context to input. This is beneficial for knowledge-intensive and expert reliant tasks, including legal question-answering, which…

This study introduces a system leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) to extract text and enhance user interaction with PDF documents via a conversational interface. Utilizing Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), the system provides…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Soham Roy , Mitul Goswami , Nisharg Nargund , Suneeta Mohanty , Prasant Kumar Pattnaik

We introduce the \textit{Extract-Refine-Retrieve-Read} (ERRR) framework, a novel approach designed to bridge the pre-retrieval information gap in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems through query optimization tailored to meet the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Youan Cong , Pritom Saha Akash , Cheng Wang , Kevin Chen-Chuan Chang

In this study, we explore the fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) to better support policymakers in their crucial work of understanding, analyzing, and crafting legal regulations. To equip the model with a deep understanding of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-06 One Octadion , Bondan Sapta Prakoso , Nanang Yudi Setiawan , Novanto Yudistira

While large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities, their reliance on parametric knowledge often leads to factual inaccuracies. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates this by leveraging external documents, yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Lingnan Xu , Chong Feng , Kaiyuan Zhang , Liu Zhengyong , Wenqiang Xu , Fanqing Meng

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a powerful approach that enables large language models (LLMs) to incorporate external knowledge. However, evaluating the effectiveness of RAG systems in specialized scenarios remains challenging due…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Kunlun Zhu , Yifan Luo , Dingling Xu , Yukun Yan , Zhenghao Liu , Shi Yu , Ruobing Wang , Shuo Wang , Yishan Li , Nan Zhang , Xu Han , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Large language models (LLMs) are transforming the landscape of medicine, yet two fundamental challenges persist: keeping up with rapidly evolving medical knowledge and providing verifiable, evidence-grounded reasoning. Retrieval-augmented…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance in the task of text ranking for information retrieval. While Pointwise ranking approaches offer computational efficiency by scoring documents independently, they often…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Jieran Li , Xiuyuan Hu , Yang Zhao , Shengyao Zhuang , Hao Zhang